Table 5 Cox proportional hazards regression with backward selection of variables for all-cause mortality, according to baseline values and/or mean values throughout the study of PA and fitness parameters, as quartiles or continuous variable, unadjusted and adjusted for age and sex

From: Effect of a behavioral counseling for adoption and maintenance of a physically active lifestyle on long-term mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: post hoc analysis of the Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study_2

	SED-time			LPA			MVPA			Total PA volume			VO_2max			Lower body muscle strength
	HR	95%CI	p	HR	95%CI	p	HR	95%CI	p	HR	95%CI	p	HR	95%CI	p	HR	95%CI	p
Baseline values
*Quartiles*
Unadjusted
I	1	-	0.161	1	-	0.008	1	-	0.204	1	-	0.010	1	-	0.025	1	-	0.559
II	1.393	0.699–2.779	0.346	0.524	0.265–1.035	0.063	0.766	0.381–1.539	0.454	0.377	0.174–0.820	0.014	0.506	0.250–1.023	0.058	0.631	0.296–1.347	0.234
III	1.606	0.780–3.309	0.199	0.320	0.143–0.716	0.006	0.696	0.341–1.420	0.319	0.657	0.341–1.267	0.210	0.412	0.195–0.871	0.020	0.850	0.419–1.725	0.653
IV	2.525	1.105–5.769	0.028	0.354	0.164–0.766	0.008	0.405	0.176–0.933	0.034	0.286	0.122–0.671	0.004	0.379	0.174–0.822	0.014	0.639	0.299–1.365	0.248
Age– & sex–adj
I	1	–	0.345	1	–	0.074	1	–	0.345	1	–	0.032	1	–	0.129	1	–	0.409
II	1.231	0.615–2.463	0.558	0.622	0.311–1.244	0.180	0.807	0.390–1.673	0.565	0.443	0.201–0.979	0.044	0.448	0.210–0.957	0.038	0.511	0.229–1.143	0.102
III	1.400	0.677–2.894	0.364	0.417	0.184–0.947	0.037	0.843	0.394–1.804	0.660	0.852	0.427–1.702	0.650	0.487	0.213–1.111	0.087	0.689	0.297–1.595	0.384
IV	2.160	0.930–5.019	0.073	0.416	0.185–0.931	0.033	0.443	0.181–1.086	0.075	0.325	0.134–0.788	0.013	0.436	0.176–1.079	0.072	0.580	0.233–1.444	0.242
*Continuous*
Unadjusted	1.262	1.012–1.572	0.039	0.765	0.624–0.939	0.010	0.939	0.887–0.993	0.028	0.918	0.863–0.976	0.007	0.940	0.902–0.979	0.003	0.997	0.992–1.001	0.158
Age– & sex–adj	1.246	0.987–1.572	0.065	0.795	0.642–0.983	0.034	0.946	0.886–1.010	0.096	0.926	0.867–0.989	0.021	0.950	0.902–1.000	0.048	0.996	0.990–1.002	0.225
Mean values throughout the study
*Quartiles*
Unadjusted
I	1	–	0.338	1	–	0.161	1	–	0.198	1	–	0.131	1	–	0.011	1	–	0.380
II	1.037	0.512–2.097	0.920	0.849	0.433–1.665	0.634	0.647	0.320–1.310	0.226	0.692	0.347–1.379	0.295	0.583	0.298–1.140	0.115	0.873	0.436–1.748	0.701
III	1.145	0.559–2.347	0.711	0.520	0.240–1.127	0.098	0.494	0.229–1.062	0.071	0.602	0.292–1.240	0.169	0.412	0.195–0.870	0.020	0.690	0.329–1.444	0.325
IV	2.103	0.900–4.915	0.086	0.463	0.208–1.030	0.059	0.520	0.248–1.094	0.085	0.382	0.167–0.872	0.022	0.282	0.121–0.661	0.004	0.508	0.226–1.139	0.100
Age– & sex–adj
I	1	–	0.393	1	–	0.331	1	–	0.429	1	–	0.236	1	–	0.084	1	–	0.580
II	0.956	0.470–1.945	0.902	0.958	0.487–1.887	0.902	0.799	0.385–1.661	0.548	0.790	0.389–1.602	0.513	0.579	0.286–1.173	0.129	0.784	0.374–1.646	0.520
III	1.060	0.512–2.195	0.875	0.662	0.302–1.451	0.303	0.558	0.252–1.234	0.150	0.682	0.321–1.450	0.320	0.416	0.185–0.935	0.034	0.657	0.288–1.500	0.318
IV	1.959	0.815–4.708	0.133	0.503	0.219–1.156	0.106	0.595	0.273–1.297	0.192	0.407	0.171–0.967	0.042	0.346	0.132–0.906	0.031	0.524	0.204–1.344	0.178
*Continuous*
Unadjusted	1.239	1.002–1.532	0.048	0.783	0.642–0.954	0.016	0.949	0.913–0.988	0.010	0.924	0.874–0.977	0.005	0.935	0.899–0.972	0.001	0.995	0.990–0.999	0.027
Age– & sex–adj	1.231	0.984–1.541	0.069	0.792	0.639–0.981	0.033	0.954	0.915–0.995	0.027	0.926	0.872–0.984	0.013	0.935	0.890–0.981	0.007	0.994	0.988–1.000	0.049
Both
Baseline values	1.246	0.987–1.572	0.065	0.795	0.642–0.983	0.034	0.985	0.909–1.068	0.721	0.936	0.825–1.062	0.305	1.073	0.949–1.214	0.258	1.012	0.996–1.028	0.133
Mean values	1.119	0.771–1.626	0.554	0.882	0.597–1.303	0.527	0.954	0.915–0.995	0.027	0.926	0.872–0.984	0.012	0.935	0.890–0.981	0.007	0.994	0.988–1.000	0.049

PA physical activity, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, SED–time sedentary time, LPA light–intensity physical activity, MVPA moderate–to–vigorous-intensity physical activity, VO_2max maximal oxygen uptake.

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Table 5 Cox proportional hazards regression with backward selection of variables for all-cause mortality, according to baseline values and/or mean values throughout the study of PA and fitness parameters, as quartiles or continuous variable, unadjusted and adjusted for age and sex

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