Fig. 3: Catalytic performance of Ag NP and Ag NC.

a LSV curves of Ag NP and Ag NC in the electrolyte (phosphate buffer solution with methylamine) with or without 20 mM HMF. b, c Product FEs and MAMF selectivity as a function of potential over Ag NP (b) and Ag NC (c). (d) Potential-dependent production rate of MAMF over Ag NP and Ag NC. e, f Stability tests of Ag NP (e) and Ag NC (f). The error bars represent the standard deviation of three parallel repeated results. All tests were performed in an electrolyte of pH 11.0 ± 0.2 using an electrode with a surface area of 1.5 cm2, without iR correction. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.