Fig. 4: Analysis of breast cancer EVs based on BCCM@interface.
a Fluorescence investigations of the direct immuno-labeling of fluorescence-labeled anti-CD47 on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell membrane-camouflaged interface (BCCM@interface). These interfaces were pre-treated at 37 °C and 50 °C, respectively. Scale bars, 20 µm. b Fluorescence investigation of the immuno-labeling of fluorescence-labeled anti-CD47 after the binding of MCF-7 extracellular vesicles (EVs) to MCF-7 BCCM@interface. Scale bar, 20 µm. c Raman images of the MCF-7 BCCM@interface after incubation with different breast cancer EVs. 4-mercaptobenzonitrile (4-MBN)-modified AgNPs@anti-CD47 was utilized to label EVs and generate surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals. d Electrochemical responses obtained for analyzing 6.84 × 109 particles/mL MCF-7 EVs and control groups. e Linear relationship between the peak current of electrochemical response and the logarithm of the MCF-7 EV concentration in the range from 6.84 × 102 to 6.84 × 109 particles/mL. f Peak currents obtained for analyzing breast cancer EVs by using different BCCM@interface. The representative images are shown from three independent repeats with similar results in (a–c). Measurements were performed in triplicate (n = 3 biological replicates) in (d, e) and in quadruplicate (n = 4 biological replicates) in (f). Error bars represent mean ± SD in (e). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
