Fig. 6: Homotypic membrane-powered microfluidic analysis of breast cancer EVs.

a Schematic illustration of subtype-specific analysis of breast cancer EVs using different breast cancer cell membrane (BCCM)-camouflaged gold microarray. b Simulation modeling results for the microfluidic device. c Peak currents obtained for different extracellular vesicles (EVs) using the BCCM-camouflaged microfluidic device. Measurements were performed in triplicate (n = 3 biological replicates). Error bars represent mean ± SD. d Peak currents with BCCM-camouflaged microfluidic device for analyzing plasma samples from patients with distinct subtypes of breast cancer (n = 90), patients with benign breast diseases (n = 11), patients with lung cancer (n = 20), and healthy donors (n = 20). For each participant, the plasma sample was equally divided into three aliquots, each of which underwent independent analyses (n = 3 biological replicates). Data points represent the mean values of three replicates. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.