Fig. 2: Omission responses in single cells dominate in the omission-responsive region.

A Two-photon (2p) imaging was performed in the same mice based on the widefield-based mapping of the auditory cortex (Fig. 1). Cells were registered into widefield space relative to a 3D origin that was re-established every imaging session by use of a vessel landmark. B Multiple fields of view were collected in 2p from the primary (blue) and omission-responsive (red) area based on the corresponding widefield image. Colored dots (right plots) indicate cells detected using Suite2P. C In the primary region, the responses to sounds exceeded the activity during and after the omission period (dashed lines). In the omission response region, sound responses tended to be smaller; however, during the omission period, a strong, positive response occurred (dark colors: FOV average, light colors: representative single cell). Traces show mean; shading is ± SEM. Same for (E). D Cells with strong omission responses (dots, color scaled to 2p OR) occurred predominantly in locations consistent with the widefield OR (also color scaled). E The ORR boundary was more clearly defined in 2p (orange) than in widefield (red), suggesting that in widefield, non-somatic contributions and light dispersion broaden the signal spatially. F In the ORR (left), the OR was significantly larger than the standard response (SR) in single cells. Conversely, in the PR (right), the SR was significantly larger than the PR (cells collected from 24 FOVs in 5 animals, same for the following panels, see “Results” section and “Methods” section for details on statistics). Asterisks denote statistical significance: p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.001 (***). G In the ORR, a much greater fraction of cells (96%) showed a significantly positive OR than in the PR (27%), where most cells showed no significant change (71%), and a small fraction reduced their activity (2%). H In the ORR, the response to the omission was substantially larger than to the stimulus. Conversely, in the PR, the stimulus response was larger than the omission response. I Cells in the ORR had a substantially larger Omission Response Index ORI (p < 10⁻¹⁰, statistics as in F), defined as OR-PR/(OR + PR), than cells in the primary region. Source data are provided with this paper.