Fig. 5: Transcriptome analyses reveal myelination defects in MSA patients and hA53T mice.

a Bar plot illustrating the significant GO enrichment terms in biological processes based on DEGs from oligodendrocytes in hA53T Tg mice. b Bar plot depicting the significant GO enrichment terms in biological processes derived from DEGs in oligodendrocytes obtained from MSA patients. c Venn diagram showing the number of DEGs in oligodendrocytes from both MSA patients and hA53T Tg mice. d Bar plot displaying the significant GO enrichment terms in biological processes using the common DEGs from (c). e Representative confocal images showing PLP expression in the cerebellum from PART controls and MSA patients. Scale: 20 μm. f quantification of PLP in the cerebellum from PART and MSA patients. Statistical significance was assessed using the two-tailed Student’s t tests with Tukey’s post hoc comparison. All data are presented as the mean ± SEM. n = 4 biologically independent samples for each in (f). g–j Dot plot representing the correlation between the expression of TLR2 and MBP. g MSA patients with high average oligodendrocyte TLR2 levels display decreased MBP expression (R² = 0.601, p = 0.014). Analyses of three independent single-nucleus transcriptome datasets from Adams et al.¹⁵ (h), Martirosyan et al.²² (i), and Wang et al.²³ (j) revealed no significant correlation between TLR2 and MBP expression in oligodendrocytes from the substantia nigra of PD patients (R² = 0.168, p = 0.058; R² = 0.061, p = 0.197; R² = 0.021, p = 0.634). Statistical significance in was evaluated using simple linear regression model (g–j). The p-values were calculated by two-sided t-tests (g–j).