Fig. 3: Virus operational taxonomic unit-level analysis of in silico host prediction and multi-layer interactions CPR/DPANN–virus–host relationships.
From: Diversity and ecological roles of hidden viral players in groundwater microbiomes
a Relative abundance (%) of predicted prokaryote hosts across seven wells, with panel (A) representing archaea and (B) representing bacteria. The overall prokaryote relative abundance is shown in Supplementary Fig. 14. Colors represent different phyla; “Others” includes all phyla with <1 % the total relative abundance (%). b Relative abundance (%) of viruses, colored by the phylum of their predicted hosts. c Lollipop plots depict virus:host abundance ratios (VHRs) by host lineage. VHR was calculated as the ratio of average per-base-pair coverage depth from read mapping to viral contigs versus host population genomes, normalized by sequencing depth in each sample. Dots represent mean VHR across the 65 metagenomes. The horizontal red dashed line indicates a 1:1 virus:host abundance ratio. Accompanying bar plots show host rank abundance based on mean VHR, ordered from highest to lowest. This phylum order is consistent with that used in Supplementary Fig. 20 to facilitate cross-panel comparisons. d Pie charts illustrate the overall number of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) associated with other bacterial and archaeal MAGs (top) and, among these, the proportion linked to viruses (bottom). e Co-occurrence network showing potential association between CPR/DPANN and other bacterial and archaeal MAGs based on the 2019 sampling year. Co-occurrence analysis for the 2022 sampling year is shown in Supplementary Fig. 22. Circles represent potential host MAGs of CPR and DPANN. Red diamonds denote CPR MAGs, and dark-gray triangles represent DPANN MAGs. Zoomed‑in clusters highlight specific associations between CPR/DPANN MAGs and putative host MAGs, such as Chloroflexota, and Proteobacteria. Virus links included in the inserted figure were inferred through in silico host prediction. Pie charts (d) show the percentage of MAG (1275) with CPR/DPANN associations based on the co-occurrence network analysis.
