Fig. 4: Partitioning affinity behavior of protein enzymes into the coacervate droplets.

a A schematic illustrating the generation of uniform R10/D10 coacervate microdroplets containing FITC-GOx via microfluidics, where the encapsulation of FITC-GOx is facilitated by interactions between the R10 (positively charged) and FITC-GOx (negatively charged). b Fluorescence microscopy images of FITC-GOx and RBITC-urease co-encapsulated in microfluidic-generated R10/D10 coacervate microdroplets. c MST binding curves of FITC-GOx with R10, DEAE-dextran, and PDDA. n = 3 independent biological replicates. Data are presented as mean ± SD. d MST binding curves of FITC-GOx with D10, dsDNA, and PAA. n = 3 independent biological replicates. Data are presented as mean ± SD. e Snapshots of R10/D10 coacervate and GOx system after 5 μs of CG molecular dynamics simulations. The light color represents the components of the coacervate, while the purple color represents GOx, and water molecules are not shown. f Snapshot of the final configuration of the R10 and GOx solution after 5 μs of CG molecular dynamics simulations. Water molecules are not shown. g R10-GOx RDF and PMF obtained from the simulation. h Snapshots of R10/D10 coacervate and urease system after 5 μs of CG molecular dynamics simulations. The light color represents the components of the coacervate, while the purple color represents urease. Water molecules are not shown. i Snapshot of the final configuration of the R10 and urease solution after 5 μs of CG molecular dynamics simulations. Water molecules are not shown. j R10-urease RDF and PMF obtained from the simulation. k Snapshot of the final configuration of the D10 and GOx system after 5 μs of CG molecular dynamics simulations. Water molecules are omitted for clarity. l D10-GOx RDF obtained from the simulation. m Snapshot of the final configuration of the D10 and urease system after 5 μs of CG molecular dynamics simulations. Water molecules are omitted for clarity. n D10-urease RDF obtained from the simulation.