Fig. 2: Spatial variations in road impacts on current forest structure and function across climate zones, continents, and Global North versus South.
From: Global impacts of transportation infrastructure on forest degradation and loss
a–d Absolute changes and e–h normalized relative changes in forest metrics. Data are presented as mean values ± standard deviation (SD). Mean estimates for all groups differ significantly from zero (two-sided \(t\)-test, P < 0.05). Uppercase italic gray letters indicate significant differences between categories (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD test; distinct letters denote significant differences at \(P < 0.05\)). \(\delta\) denotes differences between road areas and background references. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
