Fig. 1: Archaeological context of the Ychsma burials at Pachacamac.

a Map of Peru showing the Pachacamac Archaeological Site within the estimated territory of the Ychsma culture (gray shading) and our extended study area on the inlet map (orange shading). Map was created using QGIS v3.3 with ESRI World Topo as basemap. b Plan of the Pachacamac Sacred Precinct, with the location of Tomb 1/2 highlighted in red. c, d Drawings of the upper and lower layers of Tomb 1/2, respectively, showing the arrangement of funerary bundles. The highlighted bundles with red indicate the location of bundles mentioned in this study. e The 2005 excavation in progress in front of the Painted Temple (also known as Temple of Pachacamac). f Funerary Bundles B and C in situ in the lower level of the tomb. g A representative feather ornament from Bundle C, composed of feather bundles tied to cotton cords. Photos by I. Shimada.