Fig. 2: Phylogenetic identification of ancient macaw feathers.
From: Ancient DNA and spatial modeling reveal a pre-Inca trans-Andean parrot trade
Maximum Likelihood tree based on mitochondrial genome sequences (15,455 bp), showing the placement of the six ancient feather samples from Pachacamac within the macaw genus Ara. The analysis confirms the identity of the samples as Ara ararauna, A. chloropterus, and A. macao (illustrated respectively from top to bottom, scaled relative to each other). The tree includes sequences from modern Peruvian Ara ararauna macaw samples (BYMA01, BYMA04) and other reference specimens (n = 48, including outgroup). Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap support; circles denote 100% support. Samples from this study are highlighted. Illustrations [by Lluís Sanz] courtesy of Cornell Lab of Ornithology, from Birds of the World (https://doi.org/10.2173/bow).
