Fig. 4: Genetic changes in T.
From: Genomics of rafting crustaceans reveals adaptation to climate change in tropical oceans
martensii associated with osmoregulation promote rafting acclimations to salinity shifts. a Circos plot of T. martensii genomic features showing 25 large scaffolds, distributions of SNP, Indels, and SNP inferred by LFMM based on a 50-kb sliding window. b Selective sweep analysis of the South Sulawesi population (SS, high salinity exposure) and Vietnam-Thailand population (VT, low salinity exposure). Data points located above the upper 5% tail of the FST distribution, and the left and right of the 5% tails of the θπ ratio distribution were identified as selected regions. c Negative relationships between the allele frequency of SNP in GRIK2 and annual mean sea surface salinity. Shading indicates the 95% confidence intervals. A linear regression model with two-sided test was used for the statistical analysis, and multiple R-squared was used. d Gradient salinity stress experiments for coastal T. cf. martensii and terrestrial M. aosen. e The measured hemolymph osmolality suggests a significant difference between salinity gradients. Each box were obtained from three replicates. Statistical significance was assessed using the two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test: *** indicates P < 0.001. f The top 10 GO enrichment pathways for the upregulated expression genes in gills. Values in the circle represent the gene number. g The number of DEGs changed along the salinity and duration gradient treatments. h Ternary plots depicting the higher proportion of gene expression at 5 ppt than10 and 20 ppt. i Ternary plots depicting the proportion of gene expression increased along the duration from 72 h to 15 d and 30 d compared with 24 h and 48 h. j The number of genes that enriched in ion channel transport pathways along the treatment duration. e.g., R-DME-983712: Ion channel transport; GO:1902600: proton transmembrane transport; details in Supplementary Table 13. k, l Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) indicates gene expression plasticity in response to salinity shifts over the same duration (k) and duration changes under the same salinity (l). m Hypothesized model of ion transport across the gill based on genes with increased (red) and decreased (blue) expression over duration gradient treatments. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
