Fig. 4: Foxj3 knockdown impairs neuronal migration at different developmental stages.

A Neuronal migration following Foxj3 knockdown was analyzed in brains 3 days post-electroporation (E12.5-E15.5) with the cortical neuron layer marker TBR1 (red). DAPI (blue) counterstaining was used to visualize cell nuclei. In control brains, most GFP+ cells (green) migrated through the IZ and reached the CP. In Foxj3-knockdown brains, a significant proportion of GFP+ cells failed to enter the CP, remaining restricted to the IZ. The stacked bar graph quantifies the distribution of GFP+ cells in the CP, IZ, and SVZ/VZ. Error bars represent S.E.M. **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 (n = 3 independent experiments; two-tailed unpaired t-test; p = 0.0033, 0.0005). B Neuronal migration was assessed 5 days post-electroporation (E12.5-E17.5) with TBR1 (red) and DAPI (blue) staining. In control brains, most GFP+ cells (green) migrated into the CP, whereas in Foxj3-knockdown brains, many GFP+ cells remained in the IZ and SVZ/VZ. The stacked bar graph quantifies GFP+ cell distribution. Error bars represent S.E.M. **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 (n = 3 independent experiments; two-tailed unpaired t-test; p = 0.00124, 0.00044). C Neuronal migration was analyzed 3 days post-electroporation (E13.75-E16.75). In control brains, most GFP+ neurons (green) migrated into the CP, but in Foxj3-knockdown brains, GFP+ cells were predominantly located in the IZ and SVZ/VZ. The stacked bar graph quantifies GFP+ cell distribution. Scale bars: 100 μm. Error bars represent S.E.M. **: p < 0.01 (n = 3 independent experiments, two-tailed unpaired t-test; p = 0.006394).