Fig. 5: AS1411 had different targeting abilities towards different cells.

a Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) plot showing the main cell types identified in the scRNA-seq dataset E-MTAB-8107 with specimens from 7 CRC patients. b Bubble heatmap showing marker genes across 8 clusters from (a). Dot size indicates fraction of expressing cells, colored according to z-score normalized expression levels. c UMAP plot showing the expression of 9 selected surface binding targets in different cell clusters. d Representative fluorescent images showing nucleolin expression on the plasma membrane (living cells, left panel) and within the nucleus (fixed cells, right panel) of different cells. β-catenin was stained as the marker of cell membrane, and cell nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 or DAPI. e–k Statistical analysis of flow cytometry of the uptake of NPs and NPs-AS1411 in different cells including (e) B cells, (f) T cells, (g) DCs, (h) macrophages, (i) tumor cells, (j) fibroblasts, and (k) endothelial cells of the in situ tumors in the subcutaneous tumor model. n = 3 independent experiments in (e–k). Immunofluorescent experiments (d) are repeated independently three times with similar results. Data are presented as means ± SD. Statistical analyses are performed using one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons for (e–k). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.