Fig. 2: Genetic structure and distal ancestry modelling with integrated dietary, genetic sex, age-at-death, and biological relatedness information.
a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of newly analysed individuals and relevant published ancient individuals, projected onto the genetic variation of 1252 present-day West Eurasian individuals from 77 populations (Supplementary Data 2a). Individuals identified as genetic outliers based on f4-statistics are specifically labelled and discussed in the text. Abbreviations: WHG Western Hunter–Gatherers; SHG Scandinavian Hunter–Gatherers; EHG Eastern Hunter–Gatherers; CHG Caucasus Hunter–Gatherers; EN Early Neolithic; LBK Linearbandkeramik; MN Middle Neolithic; LN Late Neolithic; PWC Pitted Ware Culture; EBA Early Bronze Age; MBA Middle Bronze Age; LBA Late Bronze Age. b Distal qpAdm model for all newly reported individuals, separated by temporal groups (early and late Late Bronze Age (LBA) and regions (Central Germany, South Germany, Bohemia (Czechia), and Southwest/Central Poland with Early European Farmer (EEF), Steppe, and Western Hunter-Gatherer (WHG) as proxies for source populations (Supplementary Data 4a). Error bars represent uncertainty (± one standard error) in ancestry estimates. Standard errors were computed with the default block jackknife approach. We use the same visual scheme as in panel (a) to indicate dietary information and geographic origin. A dashed outline indicates missing isotopic data. First-degree genetic relationships are connected with solid black lines, while more distant genetic relationships are shown with solid grey lines.
