Fig. 5: IKK/NF-κB modulation alters the post-traumatic transcriptome in astrocytes.
From: NF-κB activation in astrocytes impairs wound healing after traumatic brain injury in male mice
Enrichment analysis using the Gene Ontology (GO) database showing the most significantly upregulated processes in a TBI IKK2-CAGFAP (GoF; red) and b IKK2-DNGFAP (LoF; yellow) astrocytes when compared to the TBI control (blue) group at day 3 post-TBI. Statistics: DESeq2 RNA sequencing analysis, |log2FoldChange| > 0, p < 0.05. https://doi.org/10.1038/75556, https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/iyad031. c Schematic diagram of the insult area used for analysis of cell number and proliferation. Although the area of glial reactivity varied with trauma severity and post-traumatic injury timepoint, quantification of glial cells and their proliferation (BrdU+) was restricted to the orange area separated from the injury core (red area). Quantification of d GFAP+ astrocytes and e IBA1+ microglia/myeloid cells over time as indicated. f Representative images of proliferating astrocytes and microglia identified by either BrdU/GFAP or BrdU/IBA1 costaining at the indicated timepoints (sham; 1, 3, and 7 days). Scale bar = 50 µm for overview, scale bar = 20 µm for magnified inlet. Quantification of proliferating g GFAP+/BrdU+ astrocytes and h IBA1+/BrdU+ microglia/myeloid cells at different timepoints post TBI. Sham control d, g n = 6 e, h n = 7; sham IKK2-CAGFAP d n = 3, g, e n = 5, h n = 4; sham IKK2-DNGFAP d n = 2, e, g, h n = 3; day 1: control n = 6, IKK2-CAGFAP n = 3, IKK2-DNGFAP n = 3; day 3: control n = 6, IKK2-CAGFAP n = 3, IKK2-DNGFAP n = 3; day 7: control n = 7, IKK2-CAGFAP d, g n = 3 e, h n = 4, IKK2-DNGFAP n = 3; day 15: control: n = 5; IKK2-CAGFAP: n = 3; IKK2-DNGFAP: n = 3. Arrowheads mark GFAP+/BrdU+ astrocytes (yellow) and IBA1+/BrdU+ microglia/macrophages (red). Statistical comparison by ordinary two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Exact significances indicated in graphs. Source data are provided as a Source data file.
