Fig. 3: Spinel-phase skin shell stabilizes the NCM811 positive electrode during the initial cycle. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Spinel-phase skin shell stabilizes the NCM811 positive electrode during the initial cycle.

From: Flash joule heating-induced spinel-phase surface in Ni-rich layered oxide positive electrodes to stabilise lattice oxygen

Fig. 3: Spinel-phase skin shell stabilizes the NCM811 positive electrode during the initial cycle.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a, b HRTEM images of the pristine and FJ350 electrodes after the first charge to 4.3 V. c, d Spatial distribution maps of 7Li in cross-sections of the pristine and FJ350 electrodes, acquired through TOF-SIMS, after the first charge to 4.3 V. These samples were in the charged state and characterized after collecting the electrode powder from a cell charged to 4.3 V at 0.1 C under 26 °C. e, f In situ XRD spectra of the (003) peak for the pristine and FJ350 electrodes during the initial charge/discharge process in a potential range of 2.7–4.3 V at 0.1 C under 26 °C. g The changes in c-axis length and volume of the pristine and FJ350 electrodes during the first charge process. h, i In situ XRD spectra of the (003) peak and corresponding contour maps of the pristine and FJ350 electrodes during the first charge/discharge process in a potential range of 2.7-4.7 V at 0.1 C under 26 °C, along with (j, k) the fitting results at various states of charge.

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