Fig. 3: Top 20 level 3 causes of death that contributed to the global socioeconomic inequality in all-cause age-standardized mortality rates (SIAM).

a–e were the top 20 level 3 causes in 1990, 2000, 2010, 2019, and 2021, respectively. Bars represent central estimates. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals derived from 1000 times of bootstrap simulations.