Fig. 4: Patterns of change in seroprotective antibody titers through 1 year post-BCMA- and CD19/20-CARTx.

Number of pathogens with seroprotective antibodies per participant pre-CARTx compared to a 6 months post-CARTx and b 1 year post-CARTx for 12 pathogens. The size of each bubble is proportional to the number of participants at each x–y coordinate. Orange bubbles represent BCMA-CARTx recipients and blue bubbles represent CD19/20-CARTx recipients; dark orange bubbles indicate coordinates with both BCMA- and CD19/20-CARTx recipients. The solid diagonal line represents no change in the number of pathogens with seroprotective antibodies from pre-CARTx to post-CARTx time points. The upper left-hand portion of the graph corresponds to gains in the number of pathogens with seroprotective antibodies, and the lower right-hand portion corresponds to losses in the number of pathogens with seroprotective antibodies. Panel A includes 21 BCMA and 89 CD19/20-CARTx recipients; panel B includes 19 BCMA and 72 CD19/20-CARTx recipients. c Distribution of observed percentage of pathogens with seroprotective antibodies at each study time point stratified by CARTx target. Boxes represent interquartile range, horizontal lines within boxes represent the median, and whiskers extend to minimum and maximum values. Numbers above the x-axis show the number of participants in each group. d Adjusted model estimates (filled boxes) with 95% confidence intervals (CI, capped horizontal lines) for the proportion of pathogens with seroprotective antibodies compared over time within and across CARTx target cohorts from logistic generalized estimating equation models (n = 127). Tests of coefficients for differences in these models were two-sided with no adjustments for multiple comparisons. Differences that do not cross the vertical reference line of x = 0 represent statistically significant differences. Comparisons are adjusted for race, time-dependent total IgG, time-dependent total IgA, time-dependent CD19⁺ B cell count, time-dependent receipt of IVIG in 8–16 weeks before the sample, and time-dependent number of pathogens with vaccination prior to the sample. Vaccines affecting at least one relevant pathogen were administered between sample collection time points in 59 (46%) participants. CARTx CAR-T cell therapy, mo months, yr year. Source data are provided as a Source data file.