Fig. 6: Immunogenicity of one or more doses of vaccines after BCMA- and CD19/20-CARTx.

a–l Boxplots showing antibody titers measured pre-vaccination and at sequential time points following up to six vaccine doses in participants who received BCMA- (orange) or CD19/20-CARTx (blue). Titers are plotted on a log₁₀(value + 1) scale. The number of participants contributing data at each time point is displayed above the x-axis. The dashed reference line represents the threshold for seroprotection; for S. pneumoniae, the reference lines correspond to boundaries between low, modest, intermediate, moderate, and high levels. Boxes represent the interquartile range (IQR), horizontal lines within boxes show the median, and whiskers extend to the minimum and maximum values. See Supplementary Table 14 for statistical significance for within-group comparisons. m–q Cumulative incidence curves representing the proportion of participants with a seroresponse, defined as a ≥2-fold increase in antibody titer from pre-vaccination levels, among those without seroprotective antibody levels pre-vaccination, over the course of sequential vaccine doses. Curves are stratified by CAR-T target: CD19/20 (blue) and BCMA (orange). The x-axis represents the number of vaccine doses received. The y-axis indicates the cumulative proportion of participants with a seroresponse at or after each dose. Numbers shown below the x-axis reflect the number of participants at risk (i.e., those without a prior seroresponse who continued to receive additional vaccine doses) at each time point by group. Statistical comparison of cumulative incidence curves between CAR-T groups was performed using two-sided Gray’s test; p values are displayed in each panel. Source data are provided as a Source data file.