Fig. 12: Success curves for the global minimum of a Cu12Ni11 cluster with different method combinations.

“BEACON” denotes a standard BEACON optimization. “Ghost” denotes inclusion of six copper and five nickel additional ghost atoms. “ICE” denotes combining copper and nickel in an ICE-group. “4D” denotes using hyperspace in four dimensions. An addition sign between any of of these labels indicate the methods being used simultaneously. The inset shows the identified minimum-energy structure. The error shading is based on Bayesian uncertainty estimation, as detailed in the methods section.