Fig. 5: Nanoscale mechanisms of oxygen anions at grain boundaries in Li0.22Mn0.6Ni0.2O2.

a, b The analysis of O distribution in Li0.22Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 with MSEP-MD simulation at different times. A 2D representation of the void network, showing the O atoms in the O2 molecule, O22−, O2− or O3− ions only. c The analysis of the O coordination environments in Li0.22Mn0.6Ni0.2O2. d A 2D representation of the void network, showing the O3− ions only.