Fig. 2: The cross-sectional relationship between baseline PEF and the risk of various sensory impairments.

Based on a multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spline model, we fully adjusted for factors such as age, gender, alcohol consumption, smoking, marital status, education level, place of residence, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart disease, stroke, lung disease, and diabetes. A Vision Impairment (VI); B Hearing Impairment (HI); C Single Sensory Impairment (SSI); D Dual Sensory Impairment (DSI). ight Y-axis: Density, represents the distribution density values of different PEF levels in the study population. lshap: stands for L-shaped restricted cubic spline curve.