Extended Data Fig. 1: Identification of THY1+ cells as a metastatic-related cancer stem cells (CSCs) in HCC.
a–f, Annotations of CSCs in human HCC scRNA datasets. Schematic representation of a modified stemness-related signature approach to derive CSCs from HCC scRNA datasets (a). 3D co-embedding of stemness-related signature and cell entropy score in CSCs and non-CSCs (b). The reliability of the approach to derive CSCs was examined by CytoTRACE and cell entropy score (c). Heatmap displaying marker gene expression across CSC clusters. The top two marker genes of each CSC cluster were listed (d). Proliferation, self-renewal, multipotency, drug resistance, and anti-apoptotic score of CSC clusters (e). Canonical cancer stem cell surface marker expression in defined CSCs (f). g, Univariate (left) and multivariate (right) regression analyses of factors associated with patients’ recurrence in HCC (n = 86 patients). Points represent hazard ratios; error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. h, Association of THY1⁺ CSC infiltration with patients’ survival utilizing TCGA datasets across nine cancer types. Statistical significance was determined using Cox regression analyses with two-sided tests (g), no adjustment for multiple comparisons was applied, as the analyses were predefined and hypothesis-driven, Kaplan–Meier analysis with log-rank test (h), or unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test (c). Violin plots show data distribution with median and interquartile range (c). Panel a created with BioRender.com. AFP, α-fetoprotein; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
