Extended Data Fig. 4: Example plant-pollinator network.

Plant-pollinator network of a landscape with 56% cover of pollinator-friendly habitat in July. Nodes and links are weighted by the abundance of the species and number of observed interactions, respectively. The colours of the pollinator species and links indicate their mean viral load (log-transformed) of black queen cell virus (BQCV copies; yellow = 0-400 BQCV copies; orange = 400-10000 BQCV copies; red = >10000 BQCV copies, grey = these species were not screened). Plant species coloured in dark green were visited by a pollinator carrying BQCV, while plant species coloured in light green were not visited by a pollinator carrying BQCV or a pollinator that was not screened for viruses.