Fig. 3: Air eDNA-based wild species population genetics from complex natural community settings using shotgun sequencing.

a, The selected species mitochondrial genome and chloroplast genome coverage from long-read shotgun nanopore MinION sequencing of an outdoor air sample (Florida: 1-week forest air, April 2023). b, The maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree (phylogeny) of the bobcat (L. rufus), with mitochondrial reads from an outdoor Illumina short-read shotgun sequenced air sample (Florida: 1-week forest air, April 2023). For sequences and accession numbers utilized for the tree, see Supplementary Table 3. c, A circular cladogram tree of the golden silk orb weaver (Trichophiles clavipes), showing the placement of the sequences recovered from short-read shotgun sequencing of an outdoor air eDNA sample (Florida: 1-week forest air, April 2023). The cladogram branch lengths are normalized for visual purposes only. The inset photo shows a golden silk orb weaver from the Florida forest study site taken in 2024, approximately 1 year after the air sample used for phylogenetic analysis had been obtained. The photo was taken by D.J.D.