Extended Data Fig. 4: Expression pattern of achi, Jra, and de novo genes predicted to be regulated by Achi and Jra.

(a) De novo genes that were predicted to be regulated by Achi were mostly expressed in the testis. (b) 30 out of 45 of the de novo genes predicted to be regulated by Achi have significant correlations with achi in the testis (p < 0.05), with 25 of them being positively correlated and 5 of them negatively correlated. (c) De novo genes that were predicted to be regulated by Jra were mostly expressed in the testis, but also show some expression in the fat body, heart, etc. (d) 49 out of 66 of the de novo genes predicted to be regulated by Jra have significant correlations in testis (p < 0.05), with 48 being positively correlated and only 1 negatively correlated. In (b) and (d), for each predicted target, the p-value was determined as the smallest obtained from a two-sided t-test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Kendall Tau rank test, with the sample size (n) of 7, corresponding to the 7 different spermatogenesis stages.