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Leveraging generative AI to enhance doctor–patient communication

Nature Reviews Urology (2026)Cite this article

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Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) can produce high-quality lay summaries of medical literature, clinical trial information and guideline-based materials that meet recommended reading levels while preserving scientific integrity. Although important limitations remain, with appropriate safeguards, GAI has the potential to bridge longstanding gaps between certified medical knowledge and patient understanding.

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Fig. 1: Conceptual overview of generative artificial intelligence for patient education in urology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. USC Institute of Urology and Catherine and Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Aalamnoor S. Pannu, Jacob Pan, Ethan Layne, Inderbir Gill & Giovanni E. Cacciamani

  2. Artificial Intelligence Center at USC Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Aalamnoor S. Pannu, Jacob Pan, Ethan Layne, Inderbir Gill & Giovanni E. Cacciamani

Authors
  1. Aalamnoor S. Pannu
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  2. Jacob Pan
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  3. Ethan Layne
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  4. Inderbir Gill
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  5. Giovanni E. Cacciamani
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giovanni E. Cacciamani.

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Competing interests

G.E.C. and I.G. declare equity in Editor AI Pro. The other authors declare no competing interests.

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Related links

BioLaySumm 2024 challenge: https://biolaysumm.org/2024/

Bridging Readable and Informative Dissemination with Generative AI (BRIDGE AI) initiative: https://osf.io/8yz6d/

Pub2Post: https://www.pub2post.com

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Pannu, A.S., Pan, J., Layne, E. et al. Leveraging generative AI to enhance doctor–patient communication. Nat Rev Urol (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-026-01127-w

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