Table 3 Unanticipated adverse events at 10 weeks

From: Home-based transcranial direct current stimulation treatment for major depressive disorder: a fully remote phase 2 randomized sham-controlled trial

Event category

Active tDCS (n = 87)

Sham tDCS (n = 86)

Difference (95% CI)

P

 Ear and labyrinth disorders

2 (2.3)

2 (2.3)

0 (−6.2 to 6.0)

0.99

 Eye disorders

3 (3.4)

1 (1.2)

2.3 (−3.3 to 8.9)

0.62

 Gastrointestinal disorders

2 (2.3)

1 (1.2)

1.1 (−4.5 to 7.0)

0.99

 General disorders and administration site conditions

3 (3.4)

2 (2.3)

1.1 (−5.2 to 8.0)

0.99

 Infections and infestations

1 (1.1)

1 (1.2)

0 (−5.5 to 5.3)

0.99

 Injury, poisoning and procedural complications

2 (2.3)

0 (0)

2.3 (−2.2 to 8.1)

0.49

 Nervous system disorders

7 (8.0)

8 (9.3)

−1.3 (−10.4 to 8.0)

0.79

 Psychiatric disorders

4 (4.6)

4 (4.7)

−0.1 (−7.5 to 7.3)

0.99

 Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders

17 (19.5)

7 (8.1)

11.4 (1.0 to 22.3)

0.05

 Vascular disorders

1 (1.1)

0 (0)

1.1 (−3.3 to 6.4)

0.99

Number of participants with adverse events at week 10

 ≥1 Mild adverse event

21 (24.1)

14 (16.3)

7.9 (−4.5 to 20.3)

0.25

 ≥1 Moderate adverse event

13 (14.9)

18 (9.3)

5.6 (−4.5 to 16.1)

0.35

 ≥1 Severe adverse event

3 (3.4)

1 (1.2)

2.3 (−3.3 to 8.9)

0.62

Serious adverse events during the trial

 Hospitalization for hypertension

1 (1.1)

0 (0)

1.1 (–3.3 to 6.4)

0.99

 Death

0

0

 New-onset mania or hypomania

0

0

  1. The adverse event categories are displayed as the number of participants with the percentage in parentheses. The difference between groups is displayed as a percentage. P values, determined using a two-sided Fisher’s exact test, represent the between-group difference. An adverse event was deemed present if the participant rated that it was at least possibly associated with the intervention. Participants rated the severity of the adverse events as mild, moderate or severe; the adverse events were assessed by the investigator. Analyses were completed for participants who completed at least one tDCS session. The serious adverse event was not related to the intervention.