Extended Data Fig. 2: Hyperuricemia is associated with intestinal injury in severe malaria, and both hyperuricemia and intestinal injury are associated with increased abundance of specific pathobionts.
From: Elevated uric acid levels, mortality and cognitive impairment in children with severe malaria
a, Diagram of high levels of uric acid damaging intestinal endothelium and leading to production of biomarkers of intestinal injury (TFF3 and I-FABP). Intestinal injury is defined as TFF3 >4.078 ng/mL and/or I-FABP >15.433 ng/mL (values >99th percentile of CC). b, Stacked bar chart comparing frequency of intestinal injury in children with hyperuricemia vs. normal uric acid. Two-sided p-value from chi-squared test. c, Differential abundance analysis of bacteria in stool in 417 children from cohort 2 shown in a radial phylogenetic tree. Significant increases in bacteria on admission are shown by white circle. Family is shown at the distal level. d, Stacked bar chart comparing frequency of families associated with higher bacterial abundance in children with hyperuricemia vs. normal uric acid. e, Relative abundance of bacteria (log-transformed) shown in the box plots box-whisker plots (box, median and IQR; whiskers, 1.5× IQR from the box edges; plus sign (+), mean). Two-sided p-values from the Wilcoxon rank sum test in children with intestinal injury (n = 67) vs. without intestinal injury (n = 349) are presented in box plot if significant after correcting for multiplicity using Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (five comparisons). Detailed statistical test results and exact p-values are provided in Supplementary Table 19, corresponding to e. The figure is created with BioRender.com.
