Fig. 4: Pharmacodynamics of sMAdCAM-1 during treatment.

a, Paired dot plots showing plasma MAdCAM-1 concentrations at baseline (C1) and on therapy (C3) for individual patients in each treatment arm (sunitinib, n = 284; avelumab + axitinib, n = 319). Filled circles are colored by treatment arm. Data were analyzed using a two-sided paired t-test; P values are indicated. b, Boxplots showing the longitudinal distribution of sMAdCAM-1 concentrations in the NIVOREN at C1 (n = 278), C3 (n = 80), C7 (n = 27) and disease progression (PD; n = 23). The box bounds are the Q1, median and Q3; the whiskers show Q1 − 1.5× the IQR and Q3 + 1.5× the IQR. ‘X’ represents the mean, and the small ‘x’ denotes extreme values. Statistical comparisons between groups were performed using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test. P values are shown. c, Horizontal bar plot showing the distribution of patients across four longitudinal sMAdCAM-1 categories, defined by dichotomized values at baseline (C1) and on-treatment (C3) using a threshold of 180 ng ml⁻¹: low–low, low–high, high–low and high–high. Categories reflect changes in sMAdCAM-1 status over time. Bars represent the proportion of patients in each category relative to the total patients in each arm. d,e, Kaplan–Meier survival estimates of PFS (d) and OS (e) across four longitudinal sMAdCAM-1 categories, defined by dichotomized values at baseline (C1) and on-treatment (C3) using a threshold of 180 ng ml⁻¹—low–low, low–high, high–low and high–high. Categories reflect changes in sMAdCAM-1 status over time. Risk tables indicate the number of patients at risk at each time point.

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