Extended Data Fig. 1: World map of age-standardized prevalence (A) and death rates (C) of chronic respiratory disease in 2023 and percentage change (B, D) from 1990 to 2023.

The figure displays the worldwide age-standardized prevalence rate (A) and death rate (per 100,000 population) (C) of chronic respiratory diseases in 2023, alongside the respective change rates in prevalence (B) and death (D) from 1990 to 2023. The color gradient, ranging from dark purple (high value) to pale yellow (low value), indicates the magnitude of each metric. The small insets beneath the main map provide magnified views of the Caribbean and Central America, the Persian Gulf, the Balkan Peninsula, Southeast Asia, West Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean, and Northern Europe.