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Global, regional, and national burden of chronic respiratory diseases and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, 1990–2023: a Global Burden of Disease study

Nature Medicine volume 32, pages 197–223 (2026)Cite this article

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Abstract

Chronic respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary sarcoidosis, are major global causes of mortality and morbidity. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced acute respiratory health, its impact on chronic respiratory conditions remains unclear. We estimated the global, regional and national burden of chronic respiratory diseases from 1990 to 2023, including risk factors, and evaluated how these burdens have shifted during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. In 2023, chronic respiratory diseases accounted for 569.2 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 508.8–639.8) cases and 4.2 million (3.6–5.1) deaths. The age-standardized death rate declined by 25.7% globally from 1990 to 2023 despite an increase in ILD and pulmonary sarcoidosis. Mortality declined in younger males, especially for asthma, whereas older adults experienced a rise in ILD and pulmonary sarcoidosis. Smoking was the primary risk factor for COPD, whereas high body mass index and silica exposure were key risk factors for asthma and pneumoconiosis. During the pandemic, the incidence of chronic respiratory diseases increased modestly, but the decline in mortality rates became more pronounced, highlighting the need for sustained global attention and action to address their long-term burden.

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Fig. 1: World map of age-standardized prevalence rates for COPD, asthma, pneumoconiosis, ILD and pulmonary sarcoidosis in 2023.
Fig. 2: World map of age-standardized death rates for COPD, asthma, pneumoconiosis, ILD and pulmonary sarcoidosis in 2023.
Fig. 3: Global age-sex-specific COPD, asthma, pneumoconiosis, ILD and pulmonary sarcoidosis death rates, 1990–2023.
Fig. 4: AAPC of age-standardized incidence and death rates for COPD, asthma, pneumoconiosis, ILD and pulmonary sarcoidosis by GBD region during the pre-COVID-19 (2010–2019) and pandemic period (2020–2023).
Fig. 5: Global and regional distribution of age-standardized DALY rates for COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis by risk factor in males and females, 2023.

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Data availability

The findings from this study were produced using data available in public online repositories or in the published literature, as well as data that are publicly available from the data provider under certain conditions. Details on data sources can be found on the GHDx website, including information about the data provider and links to where the data can be accessed (where available). Citations and metadata for all input sources used in this analysis are available for download at https://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2023/sources. Most GBD data can be accessed directly upon visiting the GHDx website, and some datasets may require agreement to a data use policy before download. Access is typically granted immediately upon completion of these steps.

Code availability

Our study follows the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER; Supplementary Table 4). All code used for this analysis is publicly available online at https://github.com/CenterForDH/Chronic-respiratory-diseases.git.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Gates Foundation, Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, and Queensland Department of Health, Australia. This work was supported by the Yonsei Fellowship, funded by Lee Youn Jae (J.I.S.). This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and ICT (RS-2024-00509257 and IITP-2024-RS-2024-00438239 to D.K.Y.) and the Ministry of Health & Welfare (RS-2025-02220492 to D.K.Y.), Republic of Korea. The funder of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation or writing of the report. All authors had full access to the study data and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.

Author information

Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Jiyeon Oh, Soeun Kim, Yesol Yim, Min Seo Kim.

  2. These authors jointly supervised this work: Jae Il Shin, Dong Keon Yon.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

    Jiyeon Oh & Soeun Kim

  2. Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

    Yesol Yim

  3. Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Min Seo Kim

  4. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Min Seo Kim & Ashkan Eighaei Sedeh

  5. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Aaron J. Cohen, Xiaochen Dai, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Jiawei He, Kevin S. Ikuta, Stephen S. Lim, Tomislav Mestrovic, Ali H. Mokdad, Christopher J. L. Murray, Mohsen Naghavi, Maja Pasovic, Tom Pham, Tilleye Runghien, Reed J. D. Sorensen, Sandra Spearman, Sarah Wulf Hanson & Simon I. Hay

  6. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Xiaochen Dai, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Stephen S. Lim, Awoke Misganaw, Ali H. Mokdad, Christopher J. L. Murray, Mohsen Naghavi, Benn Sartorius & Simon I. Hay

  7. Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea

    Jae Il Shin & Jae Il Shin

  8. Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea

    Dong Keon Yon

  9. Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq

    Ahmed A. J. Jabbar

  10. Department of Nursing, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

    Hasan Aalruz

  11. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Mohammadreza Abbasian

  12. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammadreza Abbasian

  13. College of Pharmacy, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Abdallah H. A. Abd Al Magied

  14. Department of Epidemiology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Samar Abd ElHafeez

  15. Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Atef Abdelkader

  16. College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Mawada Hassan Abdelmagied

  17. Department of Medicine, Memorial University, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

    Parsa Abdi

  18. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

    Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar

  19. Community and Maternity Nursing Unit, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq

    Deldar Morad Abdulah

  20. Department of Physiotherapy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria

    Auwal Abdullahi & Jibrin Sammani Usman

  21. Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria

    Auwal Abdullahi

  22. Department of Midwifery, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia

    Nigusie Abebaw

  23. Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur, Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz, Mexico

    Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga

  24. Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga

  25. Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana

    Richard Gyan Aboagye

  26. School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Richard Gyan Aboagye, Zhaoli Dai, Basema Ahmad Saddik & Xiaoyue Xu

  27. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hassan Abolhassani

  28. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

    Hassan Abolhassani

  29. Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

    Mohamed Abouzid

  30. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Lucas Guimarães Abreu

  31. Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Dariush Abtahi, Sohrab Salimi & Alireza Shakeri

  32. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Department, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan

    Rana Kamal Abu Farha

  33. School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

    Ibrahim Jatau Abubakar

  34. Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Eman Abu-Gharbieh & Mahmoud Mohammed Ramadan

  35. Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

    Eman Abu-Gharbieh

  36. Medical Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar

    Hana J. Abukhadijah

  37. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

    Salahdein Aburuz

  38. College of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

    Salahdein Aburuz

  39. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed Abu-Zaid

  40. College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA

    Ahmed Abu-Zaid

  41. Department of Clinical Medicine, American University of Antigua, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda

    Juan Manuel Acuna

  42. FIU Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

    Juan Manuel Acuna

  43. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Mesafint Molla Adane

  44. School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Isaac Yeboah Addo

  45. Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Isaac Yeboah Addo & Sylvester Reuben Okeke

  46. Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia

    Oyelola A. Adegboye

  47. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA

    Victor Adekanmbi

  48. Department of Microbiology, Edo State University Uzairue, Iyamho, Nigeria

    Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji

  49. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria

    Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa

  50. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa

  51. Department of Statistics, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Rishan Adha

  52. Department of Community Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Nepal

    Kishor Adhikari

  53. Public Health Section, Himalayan Environment and Public Health Network (HEPHN), Chitwan, Nepal

    Kishor Adhikari

  54. Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh

    Ripon Kumar Adhikary

  55. Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia

    Ripon Kumar Adhikary

  56. Department of Public Health, Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University), Bandung, Indonesia

    Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani

  57. Technical Services Directorate, MSI Nigeria Reproductive Choices, Abuja, Nigeria

    Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi

  58. Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Rotimi Felix Afolabi & Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe

  59. School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Afrashteh & Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan

  60. Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Arya Afrooghe

  61. Trivedi School of Biosciences, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Sonipat, India

    Anurag Agrawal

  62. Section of General Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Anurag Agrawal

  63. Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

    Williams Agyemang-Duah

  64. College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia

    Aqeel Ahmad & Mohammad Tabish

  65. School of Nursing, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

    Muayyad M. Ahmad

  66. Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Sajjad Ahmad

  67. Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

    Sajjad Ahmad

  68. Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL, USA

    Shahzaib Ahmad

  69. Department of Community Medicine and Preventive Health, King Edward Medical University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Shahzaib Ahmad

  70. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

    Ali Ahmadi

  71. Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Ahmadi & Siamak Sabour

  72. Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan

    Ayman Ahmed

  73. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

    Ayman Ahmed

  74. Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Haroon Ahmed

  75. Research and Development Department, Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Ibrar Ahmed

  76. Microbiological Analysis Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, South Korea

    Ibrar Ahmed

  77. Department of Medical Microbiology, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia

    Mohammed Ahmed

  78. Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh

    Oli Ahmed

  79. Department of Public Health Epidemiology, Debre Berhan University, Deberbirhan, Ethiopia

    Sindew Mahmud Ahmed

  80. Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, EpiMetrics, Inc., Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Sindew Mahmud Ahmed

  81. Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA

    Syed Anees Ahmed

  82. Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ilorin, Nigeria

    Abdullateef Abiodun Ajadi

  83. Veterinary Pathology, Stockholm County Council Surveillance and Analysis Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Ilorin, Nigeria

    Abdullateef Abiodun Ajadi

  84. Nazarbayev University, Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan

    Ruslan Akhmedullin

  85. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

    Karolina Akinosoglou

  86. Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece

    Karolina Akinosoglou

  87. Department of Cardiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

    Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif

  88. Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA

    Ashley E. Akrami

  89. Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Ashley E. Akrami

  90. Department of Geriatric and Long Term Care, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar

    Hanadi Al Hamad & Brijesh Sathian

  91. Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar

    Hanadi Al Hamad

  92. Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA

    Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan

  93. Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Sham Private University, Damascus, Syria

    Muaaz M. Alajlani

  94. School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA

    Yazan Al-Ajlouni

  95. Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Yazan Al-Ajlouni

  96. Murdoch Business School, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

    Khurshid Alam

  97. Preventive Dentistry Department, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Khursheed Alam

  98. Department of Public Health, Asian University for Women, Chittagong, Bangladesh

    Nazmul Alam

  99. Asian University for Women, McGill University, Chittagong, Bangladesh

    Nazmul Alam

  100. School of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan

    Rasmieh Mustafa Al-amer

  101. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Rasmieh Mustafa Al-amer

  102. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Ayman Al-Eyadhy & Mohamad-Hani Temsah

  103. Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

    Abdelazeem M. Algammal

  104. Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

    Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi

  105. Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia

    Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi

  106. College of Nursing, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

    Fadwa Naji Alhalaiqa

  107. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Endale Alemayehu Ali

  108. Department of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Daud Ali

  109. Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

    Mohammed Usman Ali

  110. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

    Mohammed Usman Ali, Mohammad Jobair Khan & Jibrin Sammani Usman

  111. Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

    Rafat Ali

  112. Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan

    Syed Shujait Ali

  113. Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman

    Waad Ali

  114. Department of Nuclear Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan

    Akram Al-Ibraheem

  115. Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

    Akram Al-Ibraheem

  116. Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Sheikh Mohammad Alif

  117. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Sheikh Mohammad Alif

  118. Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine

    Samah W. Al-Jabi & Sa’ed H. Zyoud

  119. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan

    Mohamad Aljofan

  120. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Syed Mohamed Aljunid

  121. International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia

    Syed Mohamed Aljunid

  122. Independent Consultant, Amman, Jordan

    Sabah Al-Marwani

  123. Department of Parasitology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi

  124. Department of Parasitology, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen

    Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi

  125. School of Nursing-Department of Clinical Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

    Mohmmad Minwer Alnaeem

  126. Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

    Mahmoud A. Alomari

  127. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physical Therapy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

    Mahmoud A. Alomari

  128. Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    Jaber S. Alqahtani

  129. Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah A. Alqarni

  130. Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

    Ahmad Alrawashdeh

  131. Macro-Fiscal Policy Department, Ministry of Finance, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

    Sahel Majed Alrousan

  132. Department of Emergency Medicine, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen

    Mohammed A. Alsabri

  133. Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Mohammed A. Alsabri

  134. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Najim Z. Alshahrani

  135. Department of Basic Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan

    Zaid Altaany

  136. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Awais Altaf & Samiah Shahid

  137. Otolaryngology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Khaled Altartoor

  138. Department of Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq

  139. Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq

  140. University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Khalid A. Altirkawi

  141. University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Farrukh Jawad Alvi & Shumaila Nargus

  142. Research Group in Health Economics, Universidad de Cartagena (University of Cartagena), Cartagena, Colombia

    Nelson Alvis-Guzman

  143. Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast), Barranquilla, Colombia

    Nelson Alvis-Guzman

  144. Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

    Hassan Alwafi

  145. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

    Mohammad Al-Wardat

  146. Department of Medical Sciences, Azal University for Human Development, Sana’a, Yemen

    Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi

  147. Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates

    Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi

  148. Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Hany Aly & Abdel Rahman E’mar

  149. Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

    Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim Alyahya & Abdallah Alzoubi

  150. Department of Pathological Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Abdallah Alzoubi

  151. Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Karem H. Alzoubi

  152. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

    Karem H. Alzoubi

  153. Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Reza Amani

  154. Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Reza Amani

  155. Research Department, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal

    Isha Amatya, Meghnath Dhimal, Bishnu P. Marasini & Uttam Paudel

  156. College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Amr Amin, Rabih Halwani, Basema Ahmad Saddik & Mohamed A. Saleh

  157. Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana

    Hubert Amu & Emmanuel Manu

  158. Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

    Robert Ancuceanu

  159. Centre for Primary Care & Health Services Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Michael Anderson

  160. Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India

    Abhishek Anil, Aswini Saravanan, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Surjit Singh & Krishna Tiwari

  161. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India

    Abhishek Anil

  162. School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Adnan Ansar & Muhammad Aziz Rahman

  163. Special Interest Group International Health, Public Health Association of Australia, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

    Adnan Ansar

  164. School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia

    Mohammed Tahir Ansari

  165. School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Sameera Ansari

  166. Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia

    Sameera Ansari

  167. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria

    Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa

  168. Department of Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria

    Iyadunni Adesola Anuoluwa, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello & Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo

  169. Regenerative Medicine, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Multi-disciplinary Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

    Saeid Anvari

  170. Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (CIRBSc), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

    Saleha Anwar & Anas Shamsi

  171. School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India

    Saleha Anwar

  172. Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, Australia

    Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor & Jing Sun

  173. School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines

    Geminn Louis Carace Apostol

  174. Inter-Agency Committee on Environmental Health, Department of Health Philippines, Manila, Philippines

    Geminn Louis Carace Apostol

  175. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Jalal Arabloo & Ali Nasrollahizadeh

  176. Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Elshaimaa A. Arafa

  177. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt

    Elshaimaa A. Arafa

  178. College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

    Mosab Arafat

  179. Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Aleksandr Y. Aravkin

  180. College of Art and Science, Ottawa University, Surprise, AZ, USA

    Demelash Areda

  181. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA

    Demelash Areda

  182. Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy

    Benedetta Armocida

  183. University College of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Mahwish Arooj

  184. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Idowu Thomas Aruleba

  185. Department of Physiotherapy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Ashokan Arumugam

  186. Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

    Ashokan Arumugam, Vaishali K & Mukesh Kumar Sinha

  187. Department of Environmental Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia

    Akeza Awealom Asgedom

  188. Neurological Surgery Department, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Mona Asghariahmadabad

  189. Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Akram Ashames

  190. Department of Physiology, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Abdul Basit Ashraf & Tahira Ashraf

  191. Deakin Health Economics/School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Bernard Kwadwo Yeboah Asiamah-Asare

  192. Monash Addiction Research Center, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Dereje Zewdu Assefa

  193. Department of Forensic Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal

    Alok Atreya

  194. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Engi Farouk Attia

  195. School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

    Marcel Ausloos

  196. Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania

    Marcel Ausloos

  197. Department of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia

    Lemessa Assefa A. Ayana

  198. Department of Health Behavior and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

    Lemessa Assefa A. Ayana

  199. Department of Anesthesia, Cihan University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

    Sadat Abdulla Aziz

  200. Department of Basic Sciences, College of Vet. Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

    Sadat Abdulla Aziz

  201. Community Medicine Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

    Zaharaddeen Shuaibu Babandi

  202. Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

    Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu

  203. Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan

    Muhammad Badar

  204. International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia

    Atif Amin Baig

  205. Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia

    Aleksandra Barac

  206. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Aleksandra Barac, Irena M. Ilic & Milena M. Santric-Milicevic

  207. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA

    Mainak Bardhan

  208. Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Rabih Halwani, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari & Iman M. Talaat

  209. Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Zarrin Basharat

  210. College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia

    Rehana Basri

  211. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Parsa Mousavi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi & Nazila Rezaei

  212. Biological Science Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Mohammad Amin Bayat Tork

  213. Department of Surgery, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

    Nebiyou Simegnew Bayleyegn

  214. Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods, Iran

    Payam Behzadi

  215. Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Asnake Gashaw Belayneh

  216. Infectious Disease Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Muhammad Bashir Bello

  217. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria

    Muhammad Bashir Bello

  218. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece

    Apostolos Beloukas

  219. National AIDS Reference Center of Southern Greece, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece

    Apostolos Beloukas

  220. Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Maryam Bemanalizadeh

  221. Department of Pediatric Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Bemanalizadeh

  222. Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University, New York, NY, USA

    Habib Benzian

  223. Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Robert S. Bernstein

  224. Department of Global Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA

    Robert S. Bernstein

  225. Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa (Catholic University of Portugal), Sintra, Portugal

    Paulo J. G. Bettencourt

  226. Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (Catholic University of Portugal), Lisbon, Portugal

    Paulo J. G. Bettencourt

  227. Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA

    Kebede A. Beyene

  228. School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Kebede A. Beyene

  229. Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India

    Ajeet Singh Bhadoria

  230. Community Health Department, University of South Wales, South Wales, UK

    Ajeet Singh Bhadoria

  231. Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA

    Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula

  232. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA

    Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula

  233. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India

    Pankaj Bhardwaj

  234. School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India

    Pankaj Bhardwaj

  235. Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Gross Pointe Woods, MI, USA

    Ashish Bhargava

  236. Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India

    Jasvinder Singh Bhatti

  237. Department of Demography and Population Studies, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa

  238. Internal Medicine Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hamed Borhany

  239. Department of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria

    Souad Bouaoud

  240. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Saadna Abdenour, Setif, Algeria

    Souad Bouaoud

  241. School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Edward J. Boyko

  242. General Medicine Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA, USA

    Edward J. Boyko

  243. Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany

    Hermann Brenner

  244. Department of Environmental Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Tsion Samuel Bunare

  245. School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

    Yasser Bustanji

  246. Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Yasser Bustanji

  247. Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Nadeem Shafique Butt

  248. School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

    Zahid A. Butt & Osama A. Zitoun

  249. Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Zahid A. Butt

  250. Faculty of Health Sciences Healthcare Management Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

    Mehtap Çakmak Barsbay

  251. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania

    Daniela Calina

  252. Department of Internal and Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Luis Alberto Cámera

  253. Board of Directors, Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Luis Alberto Cámera

  254. Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico

    Ismael Campos-Nonato

  255. Unit of Hygiene and Public Health, Romagna Local Health Authority, Cesena, Italy

    Angelo Capodici

  256. Interdisciplinary Research Center for Health Science, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy

    Angelo Capodici

  257. Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia

  258. Public Health Department, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia

    Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela

  259. Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia

    Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela

  260. Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

    Luca Cegolon

  261. Public Health Unit, University Health Agency Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy

    Luca Cegolon

  262. College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia

    Muthia Cenderadewi

  263. Department of Public Health, University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia

    Muthia Cenderadewi

  264. Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Ester Cerin

  265. School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Ester Cerin

  266. Department of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India

    Chiranjib Chakraborty

  267. Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea

    Chiranjib Chakraborty

  268. State Disease Investigation Laboratory, Animal Resources Development Department, Agartala, India

    Sandip Chakraborty

  269. Cardio-Oncology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, China

    Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan

  270. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA

    Eeshwar K. Chandrasekar

  271. Department of Biology, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Anis Ahmad Chaudhary

  272. Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences, Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia

    Hana Chen

  273. Clinical Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China

    Haowei Chen

  274. Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK

    Shanquan Chen

  275. Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Esther T. W. Cheng & Siyu Dai

  276. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Nicholas WS Chew

  277. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA

    Gerald Chi

  278. Division of Infectious Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA

    Patrick R. Ching

  279. Department of Public Health, Administration, and Social Sciences, Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru

    Jesus Lorenzo Chirinos-Caceres

  280. Iraq Field Epidemiology Training Program (I-FETP), Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq

    Abdulaal Chitheer

  281. The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Yuen Yu Chong

  282. Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, India

    Sonali Gajanan Choudhari

  283. Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

    Sreshtha Chowdhury

  284. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC), Vellore, India

    Devasahayam J. Christopher

  285. The Interdisciplinary Research Group on Biomedicine and Health, VNU International School (VNUIS), Hanoi, Vietnam

    Dinh-Toi Chu

  286. Faculty of Applied Sciences, VNU International School (VNUIS), Hanoi, Vietnam

    Dinh-Toi Chu

  287. Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Ting-Wu Chuang

  288. Department of Paediatric Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria

    Isaac Sunday Chukwu

  289. Department of Health Behavior, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    Sunghyun Chung

  290. School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Muhammad Chutiyami

  291. Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, USA

    Aaron J. Cohen

  292. Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    Joao Conde

  293. Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal

    Natalia Cruz-Martins

  294. Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Natalia Cruz-Martins

  295. School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Alanna Gomes da Silva

  296. Research Department, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

    Nour Dababo

  297. Faculty of Medicine, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syria

    Nour Dababo

  298. Research Center for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

    Omid Dadras

  299. Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Omid Dadras

  300. School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China

    Siyu Dai

  301. School of Pharmacy and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Zhaoli Dai

  302. Institute for Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden

    Koustuv Dalal

  303. Department of Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia

    Samuel Demissie Darcho

  304. Ophthalmology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

    Ana Maria Dascalu

  305. Ophthalmology Department, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucuresti, Romania

    Ana Maria Dascalu

  306. Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Toronto, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

    Cornelius Dassah

  307. Department of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain

    Juana Maria Delgado-Saborit

  308. Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India

    Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu

  309. Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    Pradeep Kumar Devarakonda

  310. JSS Medical College Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru, India

    Devananda Devegowda

  311. Statistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

    Rakhi Dey

  312. Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK

    Arkadeep Dhali

  313. Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India

    Kuldeep Dhama

  314. Research and Development Cell, Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, India

    Amol S. Dhane

  315. Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

    Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne

  316. Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Meghnath Dhimal

  317. Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

    Marcello Di Pumpo

  318. Department of Epidemiology, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mostafa Dianatinasab

  319. Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Mostafa Dianatinasab

  320. Faculty of Science, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

    Daniel Diaz

  321. College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Michael J. Diaz

  322. Department of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Thanh Chi Do

  323. Department of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam

    Thao Huynh Phuong Do

  324. Department of Public Health, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

    Sushil Dohare, Asim Mehmood & Farrukh Sobia

  325. Independent Consultant, South Plainfield, NJ, USA

    Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi

  326. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana

    Robert Kokou Dowou

  327. Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Viola Savy Dsouza

  328. College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Sulagna Dutta

  329. Toront Centre for Liver Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Hooman Ebrahimi

  330. School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (University of Science Malaysia), Kubang Kerian, Malaysia

    Hisham Atan Edinur

  331. Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia

    Diyan Ermawan Effendi

  332. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Foolad Eghbali

  333. Isenberg School of Management, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA

    Ashkan Eighaei Sedeh

  334. Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

    Taymmia Ejaz

  335. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta city, Egypt

    Ibrahim Farahat El Bayoumy

  336. School of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana

    Ibrahim Farahat El Bayoumy

  337. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Omar Abdelsadek Abdou El Meligy

  338. Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Omar Abdelsadek Abdou El Meligy

  339. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Mohamed Ahmed Eladl

  340. Anatomy and Embryology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

    Mohamed Ahmed Eladl

  341. Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    Said El-Ashker

  342. Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Noha Mousaad Elemam

  343. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya

    Muhammed Elhadi

  344. Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA

    Muhammed Elhadi

  345. Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Ibrahim Elsohaby

  346. Department of Animal Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    Ibrahim Elsohaby

  347. Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA

    Chadi Eltaha

  348. Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia

    Theophilus I. Emeto

  349. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Talha Bin Emran

  350. Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

    Majid Eslami

  351. Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

    Majid Eslami & Dariush Haghmorad

  352. Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Maysa Eslami

  353. Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sayed Vahid Esmaeili

  354. Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka

  355. Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa

    Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka

  356. Research Centre for Healthcare and Community, Coventry University, Coventry, UK

    Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe

  357. Department of Oral Biology, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Ayesha Fahim

  358. Medicine and Society, Independent Consultant, Male, Maldives

    Razana Faiz

  359. Director of the Scientific and Technological Park, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev

  360. Department of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea

    Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev & Javad Sharifi Rad

  361. Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Farahmand

  362. Pediatric Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Mohsen A. Farghaly

  363. Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil

    Andre Faro

  364. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Farrokhpour & Mohsen Merati

  365. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Farrokhpour

  366. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar

    Rana Farsakoury

  367. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Kiana Fasihi

  368. Charité University Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité University Medical Center Berlin), Berlin, Germany

    Modupe Margaret Fasina

  369. University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Zareen Fatima

  370. Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    Nelsensius Klau Fauk

  371. Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change, Kupang, Indonesia

    Nelsensius Klau Fauk

  372. Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy

    Pietro Ferrara

  373. Laboratory of Public Health, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy

    Pietro Ferrara

  374. Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Nuno Ferreira

  375. Institute of Public Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité University Medical Center Berlin), Berlin, Germany

    Florian Fischer

  376. Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

    Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan

  377. Clinical Science Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria

    Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan

  378. Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

    Marco Fonzo

  379. Department of Neurology, Public Health and Disability, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy

    Arianna Fornari

  380. Innovation in Healthcare and Social Services Department, Emilia-Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy

    Daniela Fortuna

  381. Department of Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Ravenna, Italy

    Matteo Foschi

  382. Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

    Matteo Foschi

  383. Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Maryam Fotouhi & Ali Gholamrezanezhad

  384. Department of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Fotouhi

  385. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China

    Jinming Fu

  386. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India

    G. Sridevi & Vinothini J

  387. Department of Community Medicine, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria

    Muktar A. Gadanya

  388. Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria

    Muktar A. Gadanya

  389. Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan

    Abduzhappar Gaipov

  390. Department of Medical Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy

    Silvano Gallus & Alessandra Lugo

  391. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India

    Aravind P. Gandhi & Jaya Prasad Tripathy

  392. School of Public Health, Institute of Health & Management, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Balasankar Ganesan

  393. University Hospital Basel, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

    Zisis Gatzioufas

  394. Department of Pharmacology, Indore Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, India

    Rupesh K. Gautam

  395. Department of Midwifery, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia

    Miglas Welay Gebregergis

  396. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Molla Getie

  397. School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Delaram J. Ghadimi

  398. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Ali Nikoobar & Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi

  399. Tropical Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Ramy Mohamed Ghazy

  400. Family and Community Medicine Department, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Ramy Mohamed Ghazy

  401. Department of Statistics, Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, USA

    Gloria Gheno

  402. Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Gholamalizadeh

  403. Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Elena Ghotbi

  404. Department of Biology, Government Institute of Science, Nagpur, India

    Arun Ghuge

  405. Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India

    Arun Ghuge

  406. Country Office, World Health Organization (WHO), Astana, Kazakhstan

    Artyom Urievich Gil

  407. Division of General Internal Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA

    Richard F. Gillum

  408. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA

    Richard F. Gillum

  409. Department of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia

    Alem Abera Girmay & Assefa N. Iyasu

  410. Department of Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India

    Mahaveer Golechha

  411. Family Medicine Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    MReza Goodarzian

  412. Tuberculosis Biomarker Research Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services), City of Knowledge, Panama

    Amador Goodridge

  413. Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Ayman Grada

  414. Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

    Michal Grivna

  415. Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

    Michal Grivna

  416. Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA

    Ashna Grover

  417. School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

    Zhongyang Guan

  418. Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

    Giovanni Guarducci

  419. Department of Clinical Science, University Of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq

    Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari

  420. Department of the Health Directorate, Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Stefano Guicciardi

  421. Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Stefano Guicciardi & Lorenzo Muccioli

  422. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Snigdha Gulati

  423. Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka

    Damitha Asanga Gunawardane & Samidi Nirasha Kumari Navaratna

  424. Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Cui Guo

  425. Department of Nephrology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India

    Anish Kumar Gupta

  426. Non-communicable Diseases Division (NCD), Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India

    Anish Kumar Gupta

  427. Department of Public Health, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Bhawna Gupta

  428. Department of Anaesthesia, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India

    Lalit Gupta

  429. Department of Preventive Cardiology & Medicine, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, India

    Rajeev Gupta

  430. Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi University Medical Sciences, Jaipur, India

    Rajeev Gupta

  431. School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia

    Veer Bala Gupta

  432. Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Vivek Kumar Gupta

  433. Department of Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Roberth Steven Gutiérrez-Murillo

  434. Global Virus Network, Middle East Region, Shiraz, Iran

    Farrokh Habibzadeh

  435. Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mostafa Hadei

  436. Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran

    Dariush Haghmorad

  437. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany

    Sebastian Haller

  438. Department of Public Health, Charité Insitute of Public Health, Berlin, Germany

    Sebastian Haller

  439. Biochemistry Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Nadia M. Hamdy

  440. Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia

    Ahmad Hammoud

  441. Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea

    Changwoo Han

  442. Department of Health and Education, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Fahad Hanna

  443. Department of Epidemiology Population Biostatistics and Health Promotion, Universitas Airlangga (University of Airlangga), Surabaya, Indonesia

    Arief Hargono

  444. Research Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain

    Josep Maria Haro

  445. Department of Mental Health, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain

    Josep Maria Haro

  446. Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

    Md. Kamrul Hasan

  447. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Md. Kamrul Hasan

  448. Department of Public Health, Tropical Disease and Health Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mohammad Jahid Hasan

  449. Department of Ophthalmology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hamidreza Hasani

  450. Department of Medical Surgical, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

    Ali Hasanpour-Dehkordi

  451. Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Nageeb Hassan

  452. Center for International Health (CIH), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    Shoaib Hassan

  453. Bergen Center for Ethics and Priority Setting (BCEPS), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    Shoaib Hassan

  454. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

    Johannes Haubold & Benedikt Michael Schaarschmidt

  455. Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

    Johannes Haubold

  456. Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Wen-Qiang He

  457. Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    Behzad Heibati

  458. Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland

    Bartosz Helfer

  459. Meta Research Centre, University of Wrocław, Wroclaw, Poland

    Bartosz Helfer

  460. Department of Medicine, MedStar Health, Washington DC, USA

    Mehdi Hemmati

  461. Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA

    Mehdi Hemmati & Cameron John Sabet

  462. Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Yuta Hiraike

  463. Faculty of Public Health, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Minh Hoang

  464. Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

    Ramesh Holla

  465. Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan

    Nobuyuki Horita

  466. National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Nobuyuki Horita

  467. Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh

    Sabbir Hossain

  468. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Md. Belal Hossain

  469. Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Md. Belal Hossain

  470. School of Computer Science, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam

    Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

  471. Jadara Research Center, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan

    Mehdi Hosseinzadeh

  472. Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

    Sorin Hostiuc

  473. Department of Clinical Legal Medicine, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania

    Sorin Hostiuc

  474. Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Vivian Chia-rong Hsieh

  475. Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Junjie Huang

  476. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan

    Ayesha Humayun

  477. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Tsegaye Gebreyes Hundie

  478. Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Kiavash Hushmandi

  479. Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman

    Javid Hussain

  480. Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq

    Nawfal R. Hussein

  481. Artur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA

    Mohamed Ibrahim Husseiny

  482. Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    Mohamed Ibrahim Husseiny

  483. College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Le Duc Huy & Quan Nguyen Khoi

  484. School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Le Duc Huy

  485. International Master Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Hong-Han Huynh

  486. Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Bing-Fang Hwang

  487. Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan

    Bing-Fang Hwang

  488. Department of Safety and Bioethics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy

    Ivo Iavicoli

  489. Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye

  490. Science and Technology Park, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Anel Ibrayeva

  491. Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Kevin S. Ikuta

  492. West Africa RCC, Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria

    Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi

  493. Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi

  494. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia

    Milena D. Ilic

  495. Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana

    Mustapha Immurana

  496. Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK

    Arit Inok

  497. Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

    Muhammad Iqhrammullah

  498. Department of Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

    Mustafa Alhaji Isa

  499. Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India

    Mustafa Alhaji Isa

  500. School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Md. Rabiul Islam

  501. Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, Bedong, Malaysia

    Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail

  502. Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy, Puchong, Malaysia

    Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail

  503. Department of Allergology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Zhanat Bakhitovna Ispayeva

  504. Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India

    Mahalaxmi Iyer, Amit Singh & Mukesh Kumar Yadav

  505. Department of Physical and Medicine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France

    Louis Jacob

  506. Research and Development Unit, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Barcelona, Spain

    Louis Jacob

  507. Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

    Abdollah Jafarzadeh

  508. Department of Immunology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

    Abdollah Jafarzadeh

  509. College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain

    Haitham Jahrami

  510. Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain

    Haitham Jahrami

  511. Statistics Unit, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia

    Nityanand Jain

  512. Department of Research and Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA

    Vikash Jaiswal

  513. Department of Medicine, AMA School of Medicine, Makati, Philippines

    Vikash Jaiswal

  514. The World Academy of Sciences UNESCO, Trieste, Italy

    Mihajlo Jakovljevic

  515. Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China

    Mihajlo Jakovljevic

  516. Department of General Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sepide Javankiani

  517. Department of Pharmacology, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Talha Jawaid

  518. Centre of Studies and Research, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman

    Sathish Kumar Jayapal

  519. Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Mysuru, India

    Shubha Jayaram

  520. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC), Vellore, India

    Felix K. Jebasingh

  521. Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Felix K. Jebasingh

  522. Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea

    Sun Ha Jee

  523. Department of Community Medicine, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital, Delhi, India

    Ravi Prakash Jha

  524. Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Ravi Prakash Jha

  525. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA

    Yusheng Jia

  526. Department of Health Economics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

    Yusheng Jia

  527. Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

    Wenyi Jin

  528. Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Wenyi Jin

  529. Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Institut Français de Myopie, Paris, France

    Jost B. Jonas

  530. Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore

    Jost B. Jonas

  531. Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

    Tamas Joo & Judit Lám

  532. Hungarian Health Management Association, Budapest, Hungary

    Tamas Joo

  533. Department of Community Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, Thrissur, India

    Jobinse Jose

  534. Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India

    Nitin Joseph

  535. Department of Life Science, Parul University, Vadodara, India

    Anupam Jyoti

  536. Health Economics Unit, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    Billingsley Kaambwa

  537. College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    Billingsley Kaambwa & Ganesh R. Naik

  538. School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

    Zubair Kabir

  539. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

    Gebisa Guyasa Kabito

  540. Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

    Rajesh Kamath

  541. Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Rajesh Kamath

  542. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

    Saddam Fuad Kanaan

  543. T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA

    Samuel Berchi Kankam

  544. Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

    Edmund Wedam Kanmiki & Abdullah A. Mamun

  545. Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

    Edmund Wedam Kanmiki

  546. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

    Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi & Siddharthan Selvaraj

  547. Office of the Executive Director, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc., Ibadan, Nigeria

    Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi

  548. Department of Respiratory Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India

    Surya Kant

  549. The Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA

    Rami S. Kantar

  550. Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery Division, Global Smile Foundation, Norwood, MA, USA

    Rami S. Kantar

  551. Regional Medical Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhubaneswar, India

    Srikanta Kanungo

  552. Endocrine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Arman Karimi Behnagh

  553. Department of Echocardiography, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Arman Karimi Behnagh

  554. Surgery Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Joonas H. Kauppila

  555. Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

    Joonas H. Kauppila

  556. Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Foad Kazemi

  557. Open, Distance and eLearning Campus, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

    Peter Njenga Keiyoro

  558. Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

    Yousef Saleh Khader

  559. Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India

    Himanshu Khajuria & Biswa Prakash Nayak

  560. Department of Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

    Hazim O. Khalifa

  561. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt

    Hazim O. Khalifa

  562. Department of Biostatistics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

    Alireza Khalilian

  563. Halal Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), Iran Food and Drug Administration, Tehran, Iran

    Faham Khamesipour

  564. Population Science Department, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

    M. Nuruzzaman Khan

  565. Department of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    M. Nuruzzaman Khan

  566. Epidemiology Program, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia

    Maseer Khan

  567. Family Medicine Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

    Moien AB Khan

  568. Primary Care Department, NHS North West London, London, UK

    Moien AB Khan

  569. Department of Health, Nepal Development Society, Chitwan, Nepal

    Vishnu Khanal

  570. Department of Preventable Non Communicable Disease, Menzies School of Health Research, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia

    Vishnu Khanal

  571. College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK

    Khaled Khatab

  572. College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH, USA

    Khaled Khatab

  573. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan

    Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh

  574. Department of Biochemistry, Liaquat University Of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan

    Feriha Fatima Khidri

  575. Department of Health Management and Economics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

    Majid Khosravi

  576. Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Majid Khosravi

  577. Graduate School of Public Health, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea

    Kwanghyun Kim

  578. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia

    Yun Jin Kim

  579. Millennium Prevention, Inc., Westwood, MA, USA

    Ruth W. Kimokoti

  580. Department of Nursing, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia

    Tadele Kinati

  581. School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway

    Adnan Kisa

  582. Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Adnan Kisa

  583. Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway

    Sezer Kisa

  584. Department of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK

    Mika Kivimäki

  585. Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Mika Kivimäki

  586. School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Luke D. Knibbs

  587. Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Farzad Kompani

  588. Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

    Isaac Koomson

  589. Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia

    Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Platon D. Lopukhov & Roman V. Polibin

  590. Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine

    Oleksii Korzh

  591. Department of Epidemiology, IQVIA, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Karel Kostev

  592. University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany

    Karel Kostev

  593. Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India

    Nikhil Kothari

  594. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Kewal Krishan

  595. Hellenic Parliament, Hellenic Parliament, Athens, Greece

    Neoklis Kritikos

  596. School of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, Sparti, Greece

    Neoklis Kritikos

  597. Department of Biochemistry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed Kuddus

  598. Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

    Ilari Kuitunen

  599. Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

    Ilari Kuitunen

  600. Research and Publication Activity Division, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Mukhtar Kulimbet

  601. Center of Medicine and Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Mukhtar Kulimbet

  602. Department of Community Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, India

    Dewesh Kumar

  603. Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

    Jogender Kumar

  604. College of Public Health & Health Informatics, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia

    Rakesh Kumar

  605. Department of Public Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia

    Satyajit Kundu

  606. Section of Cardiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

    Setor K. Kunutsor

  607. Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

    Setor K. Kunutsor

  608. Department of Clinical Subjects, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Almagul Kurmanova

  609. Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK

    Om P. Kurmi

  610. Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

    Om P. Kurmi

  611. Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga, Indonesia

    Maria Dyah Kurniasari

  612. School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Maria Dyah Kurniasari & Anggi Lukman Wicaksana

  613. Department of Environment and Public Health, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana

    Frank Kyei-Arthur

  614. Clinical Research Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

    Ville Kytö

  615. Heart Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

    Ville Kytö

  616. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Carlo La Vecchia

  617. Department of Nursing Science, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria

    Muhammad Awwal Ladan

  618. Division of Evidence Synthesis, Foundation for People-Centric Health Systems, New Delhi, India

    Chandrakant Lahariya

  619. Division of Lifestyle Medicine, Centre for Health: The Specialty Practice, New Delhi, India

    Chandrakant Lahariya

  620. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

    Hanpeng Lai

  621. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China

    Hanpeng Lai

  622. NEVES Society for Patient Safety, Budapest, Hungary

    Judit Lám

  623. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA

    Qing Lan

  624. Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Francesco Lanfranchi

  625. Centre for Family Welfare, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

    Kamaluddin Latief

  626. Department of Global Health and Health Security, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Kamaluddin Latief

  627. Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Kaveh Latifinaibin

  628. International Society of Doctors for the Environment, Arezzo, Italy

    Paolo Lauriola

  629. Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Huu-Hoai Le & Nhi Huu Hanh Le

  630. Department of Cardiovascular Research, Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, IN, USA

    Huu-Hoai Le & Nhi Huu Hanh Le

  631. University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Thao Thi Thu Le & Trang Diep Thanh Le

  632. Independent Consultant, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Trang Diep Thanh Le

  633. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Caterina Ledda

  634. Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, South Korea

    Seung Won Lee

  635. Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA

    Wei-Chen Lee

  636. Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Westpfalz Klinikum, Kaiserslautern, Germany

    Vasileios Leivaditis

  637. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

    Vasileios Leivaditis

  638. Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam (University of Brunei Darussalam), Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei

    Elvynna Leong

  639. School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Jiaying Li

  640. Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Ming-Chieh Li

  641. Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA

    Wei Li

  642. Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Management, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

    Virendra S. Ligade

  643. International Centre for Future Health Systems, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Jialing Lin

  644. WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Queran Lin

  645. Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA

    Queran Lin

  646. College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Ro-Ting Lin

  647. Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Concord, New South Wales, Australia

    Ro-Ting Lin

  648. Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Chaojie Liu

  649. School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Gang Liu

  650. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing, China

    Jue Liu

  651. Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Xuefeng Liu

  652. Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Xuefeng Liu

  653. One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas (University of the Americas), Quito, Ecuador

    José Francisco López-Gil

  654. Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Paulo A. Lotufo

  655. School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil

    Giancarlo Lucchetti

  656. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

    Hong Luo

  657. Centre for Public Health and Wellbeing, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK

    Zheng Feei Ma

  658. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

    Mahmoud Mabrok

  659. Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, South of Sinai, Egypt

    Mahmoud Mabrok

  660. Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Firoozeh Madadi

  661. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mehrdad Mahalleh

  662. Department of Electrical Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia

    Iram Malik

  663. Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

    Andrei Malinovschi

  664. Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Deborah Carvalho Malta, Fernanda Penido Matozinhos & Elton Junio Sady Prates

  665. Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Yosef Manla

  666. Corporate Nursing and Midwifery Research Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar

    Kamaruddeen Mannethodi

  667. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Vahid Mansouri & Akram Pourshams

  668. School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy

    Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani

  669. Laboratory of Public Health, Instituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS (Italian Auxological Institute), Milan, Italy

    Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani

  670. Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal

    Bishnu P. Marasini

  671. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

    Hamid Reza Marateb

  672. Automatic Control Department (ESAII) and Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (IRIS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Barcelona Tech - UPC), Barcelona, Spain

    Hamid Reza Marateb

  673. Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (Salvador Zubiran National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition), Mexico City, Mexico

    Bernardo Alfonso Martinez-Guerra

  674. Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga (University of Airlangga), Surabaya, Indonesia

    Santi Martini

  675. Indonesian Public Health Association, Surabaya, Indonesia

    Santi Martini

  676. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile

    Miquel Martorell

  677. Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile

    Miquel Martorell

  678. Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

    Winfried März

  679. Medical Clinic V, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

    Winfried März

  680. Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences, Curtin University, Sarawak, Malaysia

    Roy Rillera Marzo

  681. Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia

    Roy Rillera Marzo

  682. Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Sammer Marzouk

  683. Department of Pharmacology, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran

    Alireza Masoudi

  684. Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

    Yasith Mathangasinghe

  685. Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka

    Yasith Mathangasinghe

  686. Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Alexander G. Mathioudakis

  687. North West Lung Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

    Alexander G. Mathioudakis

  688. Department of Community Medicine, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India

    Medha Mathur

  689. Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

    Rita Mattiello

  690. Department of Epidemiology, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand

    Richard James Maude

  691. Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Richard James Maude, Tilleye Runghien & Benn Sartorius

  692. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Andrea Maugeri & Massimiliano Veroux

  693. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany

    Juergen May

  694. Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany

    Juergen May

  695. Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia

    Steven M. McPhail

  696. Digital Health and Informatics Directorate, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

    Steven M. McPhail

  697. Department of Healthcare, University of Vlora, Vlora City, Albania

    Enkeleint A. Mechili

  698. Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

    Enkeleint A. Mechili

  699. Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

    Tesfahun Mekene Meto

  700. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia

    Hadush Negash Meles

  701. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Addisu Melese

  702. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

    Endalkachew Belayneh Melese

  703. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Endalkachew Belayneh Melese

  704. Division of Forensic Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    Ritesh G. Menezes

  705. International Dx Department, BGI Genomics, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis

  706. General Administration Department, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

    Atte Meretoja

  707. School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Atte Meretoja

  708. Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

    Tuomo J. Meretoja

  709. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Tuomo J. Meretoja

  710. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia

    Tomislav Mestrovic

  711. Department of Pharmacology, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka

    Chamila Dinushi Kukulege Mettananda

  712. Clinical Medicine Department, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka

    Chamila Dinushi Kukulege Mettananda

  713. Department of Paediatrics, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka

    Sachith Mettananda

  714. University Paediatrics Unit, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka

    Sachith Mettananda

  715. Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Adquate Mhlanga

  716. Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Laurette Mhlanga

  717. South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa

    Laurette Mhlanga

  718. Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Beltsville, MD, USA

    Ted R. Miller

  719. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

    Ted R. Miller

  720. Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy

    Giuseppe Minervini

  721. Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India

    Giuseppe Minervini

  722. International PhD Program in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Le Huu Nhat Minh

  723. Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Le Huu Nhat Minh

  724. Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India

    GK Mini

  725. Global Institute of Public Health, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Trivandrum, India

    GK Mini

  726. National Data Management Center for Health, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Awoke Misganaw

  727. Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India

    Arup Kumar Misra

  728. Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India

    Ankit Mittal

  729. Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India

    Madhukar Mittal

  730. Molecular Biology Unit, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan

    Nouh Saad Mohamed

  731. Bio-Statistical and Molecular Biology Department, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan

    Nouh Saad Mohamed

  732. College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq

    Ameen Mosa Mohammad

  733. Skull Base Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ibrahim Mohammadzadeh

  734. QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

    Mustapha Mohammed

  735. Internal Medicine Department, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Aleenah Mohsin

  736. Internal Medicine Department, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Aleenah Mohsin

  737. Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy

    Sabrina Molinaro

  738. Department of Mathematics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

    Shaher Momani

  739. Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Shaher Momani

  740. Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy

    Lorenzo Monasta & Luca Ronfani

  741. Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf

  742. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Moradi

  743. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

    Yousef Moradi

  744. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

    Lidia Morawska

  745. Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Santiago de Cali, Colombia

    Freiser Eceomo Cruz Mosquera

  746. Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK

    Elias Mossialos

  747. Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Elias Mossialos

  748. Department of Radiology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya

    Ahmed Msherghi

  749. Knowledge Management Department, Prahlad Omkarwati Foundation (POF), Mumbai, India

    Sumoni Mukherjee

  750. Changescape Consulting, Independent Consultant, New Delhi, India

    Sumoni Mukherjee

  751. Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria

    George Duke Mukoro

  752. Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece

    Francesk Mulita

  753. Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece

    Francesk Mulita

  754. Department of Community and Global Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Yanjinlkham Munkhsaikhan

  755. Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Villa de Alvarez, Mexico

    Efren Murillo-Zamora

  756. Postgraduate in Medical Sciences, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico

    Efren Murillo-Zamora

  757. College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia

    Ghulam Mustafa

  758. Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Pulmonology, Institute of Mother & Child Care, Multan, Pakistan

    Ghulam Mustafa

  759. Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

    Saravanan Muthupandian

  760. Prince Fahad bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

    Saravanan Muthupandian

  761. Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

    Woojae Myung

  762. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea

    Woojae Myung

  763. Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA

    Pirouz Naghavi

  764. Department of Computer Science and IT, Torrens University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    Ganesh R. Naik

  765. Department Health Services Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Gurudatta Naik

  766. Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

    Firzan Nainu

  767. Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Soroush Najdaghi & Delaram Narimani Davani

  768. Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Soroush Najdaghi

  769. Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia

    Gopal Nambi

  770. Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India

    Vinay Nangia

  771. Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Government Medical College, Mysore, India

    Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy

  772. National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

    Gustavo G. Nascimento

  773. Nursing & Midwifery Research Department (NMRD), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar

    Abdulqadir J. Nashwan

  774. Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Ali Nasrollahizadeh

  775. Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Amir Nasrollahizadeh

  776. Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Amir Nasrollahizadeh

  777. Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Zuhair S. Natto

  778. Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA

    Zuhair S. Natto

  779. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

    Javaid Nauman

  780. Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

    Javaid Nauman

  781. Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka

    Samidi Nirasha Kumari Navaratna & Jayami Eshana Samaranayake

  782. Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

    Shalini Ganesh Nayak

  783. Department of Forensic Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

    Vinod C. Nayak

  784. Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India

    Ashish Kumar Nayyar

  785. Department of Health Promotion, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

    Athare Nazri-Panjaki

  786. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    Masoud Negahdary

  787. Center for Remote Health Technologies & Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

    Masoud Negahdary

  788. Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

    Ionut Negoi & Dragos Serban

  789. Department of General Surgery, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

    Ionut Negoi

  790. Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

    Ruxandra Irina Negoi

  791. Department of Cardiology, Cardio-Aid, Bucharest, Romania

    Ruxandra Irina Negoi

  792. Department of Community Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal

    Samata Nepal

  793. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya

    Josephine W. Ngunjiri

  794. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Dang Nguyen

  795. Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Dang Nguyen

  796. Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam

    Hau Thi Hien Nguyen

  797. Institute for Research and Training in Medicine, Biology and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam

    Hau Thi Hien Nguyen

  798. Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study (HIAS), Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan

    Phuong The Nguyen

  799. Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Japan

    Phuong The Nguyen

  800. Tuberculosis Group, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Van Thanh Nguyen

  801. Department of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Van Thanh Nguyen

  802. Health Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Nafise Niknam

  803. Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Nasrin Nikravangolsefid

  804. Technical Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

    Chukwudi A. Nnaji

  805. School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

    Chukwudi A. Nnaji

  806. Global Research Institute, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

    Shuhei Nomura

  807. Department of Global Health Policy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Shuhei Nomura & Santosh Kumar Rauniyar

  808. Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

    Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi

  809. Department of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia

    Mengistu H. Nunemo

  810. Department of Public Health, Banten School of Health Science, South Tangerang, Indonesia

    Dieta Nurrika

  811. Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Higher Education Service Institutions (LL-DIKTI) Region IV, Bandung, Indonesia

    Dieta Nurrika

  812. Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

    Bogdan Oancea

  813. Bioinformatics Department, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania

    Bogdan Oancea

  814. Disease Control and Elimination, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia

    Mary Aigbiremo Oboh

  815. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

    Ismail A. Odetokun

  816. PSSM Data Sciences, Pfizer Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA

    Michael Safo Oduro

  817. Department of Pediatrics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

    Akinyemi O. D. Ofakunrin

  818. Department of Pediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

    Akinyemi O. D. Ofakunrin

  819. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Oluwaseun Adeolu Ogundijo

  820. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Tolulope R. Ojo-Akosile

  821. University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Sylvester Reuben Okeke

  822. Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

    Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle

  823. College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

    Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle

  824. School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa

    Osaretin Christabel Okonji

  825. Department of Medical Physiology, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Nigeria

    Patrick Godwin Okwute

  826. Department of Medical Physiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

    Patrick Godwin Okwute

  827. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

    Andrew T. Olagunju

  828. Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

    Andrew T. Olagunju

  829. Department of Nursing Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria

    Matthew Idowu Olatubi

  830. Surgery Department, Sulaimani University, Sulaimani, Iraq

    Goran Latif Omer

  831. ENT Department, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Goran Latif Omer

  832. Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei

    Sok King Ong

  833. Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei

    Sok King Ong

  834. Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

    Michal Ordak

  835. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana

    Verner N. Orish

  836. Sickle Cell Unit, Ho Teaching Hospital, Ho, Ghana

    Verner N. Orish

  837. Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain

    Alberto Ortiz

  838. Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Alberto Ortiz

  839. One Health Global Research Group, Universidad de las Americas (University of the Americas), Quito, Ecuador

    Esteban Ortiz-Prado

  840. School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia

    Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu

  841. Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

    Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu

  842. Faculty of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria

    Amel Ouyahia

  843. Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria

    Amel Ouyahia

  844. Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK

    Tope Oyelade

  845. Department of Life and Medical Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK

    Tope Oyelade

  846. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India

    Mahesh P. A

  847. National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

    Alicia Padron-Monedero

  848. Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

    Songhomitra Panda-Jonas

  849. Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India

    Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal

  850. Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India

    Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal

  851. Division of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Georgios D. Panos

  852. School of Medicine - First Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Georgios D. Panos

  853. Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Leonidas D. Panos

  854. Department of Neurology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Leonidas D. Panos

  855. Department of Science and Mathematics, Deree-The American College of Greece, Athens, Greece

    Paraskevi Papadopoulou

  856. Department of Biophysics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Paraskevi Papadopoulou

  857. Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jammu, India

    Pragyan Paramita Parija

  858. Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Romil R. Parikh

  859. Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea

    Eun-Kee Park

  860. Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea

    Sungchul Park

  861. School of medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    S. Yasamin Parvar

  862. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

    Roberto Passera

  863. Department of Imaging, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy

    Roberto Passera

  864. College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, USA

    Shankargouda Patil

  865. Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Dimitrios Patoulias

  866. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal

    Uttam Paudel

  867. IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy

    Paolo Pedersini

  868. Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

    Paolo Pedersini

  869. Center for Research and Innovation, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines

    Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito

  870. Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Prince Peprah

  871. Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

    Arokiasamy Perianayagam

  872. Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy

    Simone Perna

  873. Facultad de Medicina (Faculty of Medicine), Universidad Diego Portales (Diego Portales University), Santiago, Chile

    Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha

  874. School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK

    Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha

  875. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Hoang Nhat Pham

  876. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Hoang Nhat Pham

  877. School of Pharmacy, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman

    Anil K. Philip

  878. College of Health Sciences (CHS), VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Dimitri Poddighe

  879. Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center (UMC), Astana, Kazakhstan

    Dimitri Poddighe

  880. Department of Medical and Surgical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL, USA

    Arjun Pon Avudaiappan

  881. University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Maarten J. Postma

  882. Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University), Bandung, Indonesia

    Maarten J. Postma

  883. Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Farzad Pourghazi

  884. Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru, India

    Akila Prashant

  885. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Jagadeesh Puvvula

  886. Sulaimaniya Research Center, Cihan University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

    Nameer Hashim Qasim

  887. Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    Asma Saleem Qazi

  888. The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China

    Jia-Yong Qiu

  889. The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China

    Jia-Yong Qiu

  890. Department of Community Medicine, ESI Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science and Research, Bengaluru, India

    R. Deepthi

  891. Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India

    Venkatraman Radhakrishnan

  892. Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

    Alireza Rafiei

  893. Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

    Alireza Rafiei

  894. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Zahra Rahimi

  895. Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Zahra Rahimi

  896. Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

    Md. Mosfequr Rahman & Mosiur Rahman

  897. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar, Oman

    Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman

  898. Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia

    Muhammad Aziz Rahman

  899. Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Rahmanian

  900. Dr Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, Dr Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, Kangra, India

    Sunil Kumar Raina

  901. Department of Community Medicine, Employees’ State Insurance Model Hospital, Chennai, India

    Sathish Rajaa

  902. Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India

    Abin K. Rajan & Vinoth Rajendran

  903. Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India

    Prashant Rajput

  904. Department of Cardiology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

    Mahmoud Mohammed Ramadan

  905. Department of Anatomy, Govt Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India

    Chitra Ramasamy

  906. Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy

  907. School of Nursing & Health Sciences, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China

    Sheena Ramazanu

  908. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Sheena Ramazanu

  909. Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Kiana Ramezanzadeh

  910. Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Kritika Rana

  911. Department of Research, Eastern Scientific LLC, Richmond, KY, USA

    Chhabi Lal Ranabhat

  912. Planetary Health Research Centre (PHRC), Kathmandu, Nepal

    Chhabi Lal Ranabhat

  913. Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Defence in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Nemanja Rancic

  914. Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Belgrade, Serbia

    Nemanja Rancic

  915. Department of Health Innovation, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, India

    Usha Rani

  916. Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

    Mithun Rao & Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan

  917. Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Vahid Rashedi

  918. Department of Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA

    Ahmed Mustafa Rashid

  919. Baylor University, Dallas, TX, USA

    Ahmed Mustafa Rashid

  920. Department of Family Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka

    Devarajan Rathish

  921. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Salman Rawaf & Celine Tabche

  922. Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, UK

    Salman Rawaf

  923. School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQ University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Lal Rawal

  924. Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Egypt

    Elrashdy M. Redwan

  925. Department of Protein Research, Research and Academic Institution, Alexandria, Egypt

    Elrashdy M. Redwan

  926. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Aqeeb Ur Rehman

  927. Department of Internal Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan

    Aqeeb Ur Rehman

  928. Unisabana Center for Translational Science, Universidad de La Sabana (Savannah University), Chia, Colombia

    Luis Felipe Reyes

  929. Critical Care Department, Clinica Universidad De La Sabana (Savannah University Clinic), Chia, Colombia

    Luis Felipe Reyes

  930. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

    Mohsen Rezaeian

  931. Community Health Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil

    Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha

  932. Department of Nursing in Women’s Health, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Thales Philipe Rodrigues da Silva

  933. Vaccination Research Observatory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Thales Philipe Rodrigues da Silva

  934. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia

    Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez

  935. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

    Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez

  936. Department of Clinical Research, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil

    Leonardo Roever

  937. Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon

    Leonardo Roever

  938. Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, India

    Ravi Rohilla

  939. Department of Immunology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohsen Rokni

  940. Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohsen Rokni

  941. Miyan Research Institute, Miyan Research Institute, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Moustaq Karim Khan Rony

  942. Department of Analytical and Applied Economics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India

    Himanshu Sekhar Rout, Pragyan Monalisa Sahoo & Chandan Kumar Swain

  943. RUSA Centre of Excellence in Public Policy and Governance, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India

    Himanshu Sekhar Rout

  944. Department of Biochemistry and Food Analysis, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh

    Nitai Roy

  945. Department of Labour, Directorate of Factories, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, India

    Priyanka Roy

  946. Research Department, Indian Institute of Public Health, Delhi, India

    Shubhanjali Roy

  947. Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

    Simanta Roy

  948. Department of Critical Care Anesthesiology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

    Adnan Saadeddin

  949. Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana

    Farrukh Ishaque I. Saah

  950. Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

    Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad

  951. Department of Biology, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia

    Mohd Saeed

  952. Operational Research Center in Healthcare, Near East University (NEU), Nicosia Cyprus, Turkey

    Umar Saeed

  953. International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan

    Umar Saeed

  954. Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran

    Maryam Saeedi

  955. Department of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mehdi Safari

  956. Clinical Research Development Center (CRDC), Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

    Alireza Saghafi

  957. Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    Dominic Sagoe

  958. Sharjah Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari

  959. Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha University, Chennai, India

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

  960. Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Amirhossein Sahebkar

  961. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India

    Soumya Swaroop Sahoo & Madhur Verma

  962. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq

    S. Mohammad Sajadi

  963. Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA

    Refat Uz Zaman Sajib

  964. Department of Statistics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan

    Mirza Rizwan Sajid

  965. Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil

    Luciane B. Salaroli

  966. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

    Mohamed A. Saleh

  967. Department of Biochemistry, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo City, Nigeria

    Aanuoluwa James Salemcity

  968. Surgical Department, North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka

    Jayami Eshana Samaranayake

  969. Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Saad Samargandy

  970. Pre-Clinical Affairs, College of Nursing, QU Health Sector, Qatar University, Lusail, Qatar

    Waqas Sami

  971. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Abdallah M. Samy

  972. Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Abdallah M. Samy

  973. Department of Microbiology, Saveetha University, Chennai, India

    Sathish Sankar

  974. School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Milena M. Santric-Milicevic

  975. Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Bruno Piassi Sao Jose

  976. Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India

    Aswini Saravanan

  977. Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, India

    Gargi Sachin Sarode & Sachin C. Sarode

  978. Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

    Benn Sartorius

  979. Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK

    Brijesh Sathian

  980. Department of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India

    Anudeep Sathyanarayan

  981. UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India

    Maheswar Satpathy

  982. Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India

    Maheswar Satpathy

  983. Department of Medical Informatics, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Japan

    Jennifer Saulam

  984. Food Processing and Nutrition, Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Women’s University, Vijayapura, India

    Jennifer Saulam

  985. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA

    Monika Sawhney

  986. Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India

    Ganesh Kumar Saya

  987. National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

    Abu Sayeed

  988. Faculty of Business and Computing, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada

    Christophe Schinckus

  989. Department of Finance, International School of Management, Paris, France

    Christophe Schinckus

  990. Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil

    Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider

  991. Department of Microbiology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

    Mansour Sedighi

  992. Dr D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, India

    Siddharthan Selvaraj

  993. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

    Ashenafi Kibret Sendekie

  994. School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

    Ashenafi Kibret Sendekie

  995. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Pallav Sengupta

  996. Fourth Department of General Surgery, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

    Dragos Serban

  997. Department of Medicine, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India

    Yashendra Sethi

  998. Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

    Abubakar Sha’aban

  999. Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mahan Shafie

  1000. Dongguan Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China

    Muhammad Shahab

  1001. State Key Laboratories of Chemical Resources Engineering, Beijing University Of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China

    Muhammad Shahab

  1002. School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (University of Science Malaysia), Kota Bharu, Malaysia

    Shazlin Shaharudin

  1003. Research Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Samiah Shahid

  1004. Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

    Moyad Jamal Shahwan, Anas Shamsi & Samer H. Zyoud

  1005. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan

    Masood Ali Shaikh

  1006. School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

    Mehran Shams-Beyranvand

  1007. Department of Pathobiology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

    Mohammad Ali Shamshirgaran

  1008. Science Department, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Alfiya Shamsutdinova

  1009. Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia

    Nigussie Tadesse Sharew

  1010. Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Nigussie Tadesse Sharew

  1011. Department of Safety Services, Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, MA, USA

    Sadaf Sharfaei

  1012. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA

    Sadaf Sharfaei

  1013. Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria

    Amin Sharifan

  1014. Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Amin Sharifan

  1015. Department of Social and Behavioral Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA

    Manoj Sharma

  1016. Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Vishal Sharma

  1017. Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India

    Rajesh P. Shastry

  1018. Department of Pharmacology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India

    Rekha Raghuveer Shenoy

  1019. Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Samendra P. Sherchan

  1020. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Samendra P. Sherchan

  1021. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India

    Pavanchand H. Shetty

  1022. Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India

    Premalatha K. Shetty

  1023. Department of Public Health, Dambi Dollo University, Dembi Dollo, Ethiopia

    Desalegn Shiferaw

  1024. Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

    Desalegn Shiferaw

  1025. National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

    Mika Shigematsu

  1026. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria

    Aminu Shittu

  1027. Alimentary Tract Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Zahra Shokati Eshkiki

  1028. Center for Technology and Innovation in Cardiovascular Informatics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sina Shool

  1029. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Sina Shool

  1030. Department of Research and Academics, Kathmandu Cancer Center, Bhaktapur, Nepal

    Sunil Shrestha

  1031. Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia

    Sunil Shrestha

  1032. Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Yafei Si

  1033. Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan

    Emmanuel Edwar Siddig

  1034. Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

    Emmanuel Edwar Siddig

  1035. Department of Physiotherapy, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India

    Mohammad Sidiq

  1036. Galgotias Multidisciplinary Research & Development Cell, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India

    Mohammad Sidiq

  1037. Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center (SPRINT), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal

    Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva

  1038. CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal

    Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva

  1039. Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Amit Singh

  1040. Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India

    Baljinder Singh

  1041. Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India

    Harmanjit Singh

  1042. School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Jasvinder A. Singh

  1043. Department of Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Houston, TX, USA

    Jasvinder A. Singh

  1044. Research Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar

    Kalpana Singh

  1045. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia

    Robert Sinto

  1046. Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia

    Robert Sinto

  1047. Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia

    Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina

  1048. Department of Infectious Diseases, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine

    Anton Sokhan

  1049. Clinical Science Line, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteologie, Vienna, Austria

    Anton Sokhan

  1050. Department of Biochemistry, American University of Integrative Sciences, Bridgetown, Barbados

    Shipra Solanki

  1051. Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

    Solikhah Solikhah

  1052. Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

    Sameh S. M. Soliman

  1053. Department of Endocrinology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Aayushi Sood

  1054. Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

    Soroush Soraneh

  1055. School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran

    Soroush Soraneh

  1056. Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Reed J. D. Sorensen

  1057. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain

    Joan B. Soriano

  1058. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain

    Joan B. Soriano

  1059. Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull City, UK

    Ireneous N. Soyiri

  1060. 3rd Department of Cardiology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Michael Spartalis

  1061. Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

    Bahadar S. Srichawla

  1062. Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece

    Paschalis Steiropoulos

  1063. Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Leo Stockfelt

  1064. Department of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia

    Vetriselvan Subramaniyan

  1065. Institute of Integrated Intelligence and Systems, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

    Jing Sun

  1066. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

    Zhong Sun

  1067. Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India

    Vinay Suresh

  1068. Department of Clinical Research and Development, LUXMED Group, Warsaw, Poland

    Lukasz Szarpak

  1069. Collegium Medicum, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland

    Lukasz Szarpak

  1070. Department of Medical Informatics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei

  1071. Clinical Research Development Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei

  1072. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

    Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh

  1073. Department of Internal Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

    Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh

  1074. Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha University, Chennai, India

    Mohammad Tabish

  1075. Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA

    Seyed Reza Taha

  1076. Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK

    Yasaman Taheri Abkenar

  1077. Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

    Jabeen Taiba

  1078. Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India

    Jabeen Taiba

  1079. Department of Pathology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Iman M. Talaat

  1080. Department of Epidemiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa

    Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi

  1081. Department of Medicine, Northlands Medical Group, Omuthiya, Namibia

    Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi

  1082. Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

    Ker-Kan Tan

  1083. Taking Our Best Shot, Houston, TX, USA

    Nathan Y. Tat

  1084. Department of Research and Innovation, Enventure Medical Innovation, Houston, TX, USA

    Nathan Y. Tat

  1085. Department of Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Mohammad Tavangar

  1086. Public Health, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia

    Animut Takele Telayneh

  1087. Department of Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Worku Animaw Temesgen

  1088. Public Health Department, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India

    Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan

  1089. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Miami, FL, USA

    Mahalakshmi Thayumana Sundaram

  1090. Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Sathish Thirunavukkarasu

  1091. Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Vikas Kumar Tiwari

  1092. Systems Neuroscience, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

    Vikas Kumar Tiwari

  1093. Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India

    Sojit Tomo

  1094. Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

    Roman Topor-Madry

  1095. Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warsaw, Poland

    Roman Topor-Madry

  1096. School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Jasmine T. Tran

  1097. School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Ngoc Ha Tran

  1098. Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan

    Quynh Thuy Huong Tran

  1099. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Thang Huu Tran

  1100. Department of Business Analytics, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA

    Thang Huu Tran

  1101. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Domenico Trico

  1102. Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

    Samuel Joseph Tromans

  1103. Adult Learning Disability Service, Leicestershire Partnership National Health Service Trust, Leicester, UK

    Samuel Joseph Tromans

  1104. Faculty of Medicine, Tan Tao University, Long An, Vietnam

    Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen

  1105. Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu

  1106. Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria

    Aniefiok John Udoakang

  1107. Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman

    Atta Ullah

  1108. Institute of Public Health and Social Sciences (IPH&SS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Irfan Ullah

  1109. International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan

    Saeed Ullah

  1110. Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

    Umar Muhammad Umar

  1111. School of Government, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile (Pontifical Catholic University of Chile), Santiago, Chile

    Eduardo A. Undurraga

  1112. Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy

    Brigid Unim

  1113. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

    Era Upadhyay

  1114. Section of Advanced Heart Failure and Transplant Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Dipan Uppal

  1115. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Jef Van den Eynde

  1116. UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland

    Tommi Juhani Vasankari

  1117. Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

    Tommi Juhani Vasankari

  1118. Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India

    Balachandar Vellingiri

  1119. Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India

    Balachandar Vellingiri

  1120. Department of Surgery, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

    Georgios-Ioannis Verras

  1121. College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    Georgios-Ioannis Verras

  1122. Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy

    Simone Villa

  1123. Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid (European University of Madrid), Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain

    Jorge Hugo Villafañe

  1124. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Francesco S. Violante

  1125. Occupational Medicine Unit, Sant’Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy

    Francesco S. Violante

  1126. College of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang City, China

    Xing Wang

  1127. School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK

    Yanzhong Wang

  1128. Faculty of Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan

    Ahmed Bilal Waqar

  1129. Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China

    Muhammad Waqas

  1130. Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan

    Muhammad Waqas

  1131. Competence Center of Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany

    Ronny Westerman

  1132. Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

    Anggi Lukman Wicaksana

  1133. Department of Surgery, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka

    Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe

  1134. Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Economics, Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    Peter Willeit

  1135. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Peter Willeit

  1136. Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway

    Marcin W. Wojewodzic

  1137. Department of Chemical Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

    Marcin W. Wojewodzic

  1138. Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

    Yihun Miskir Wubie

  1139. Western Institute of Digital-Intelligent Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

    Zhijia Xia

  1140. School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China

    Lishun Xiao

  1141. Cardiovascular Program, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Xiaoyue Xu

  1142. School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

    Mingyang Xue

  1143. Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia

    Lalit Yadav

  1144. Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    Lalit Yadav

  1145. Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan

    Yuichiro Yano

  1146. Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Osaka University, Suita, Japan

    Yuichi Yasufuku

  1147. The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK

    Sanni Yaya

  1148. National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China

    Pengpeng Ye

  1149. The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Pengpeng Ye

  1150. Biostatics, Epidemiology, and Science Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Saber Yezli

  1151. Department of Biostatistics, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan

    Naohiro Yonemoto

  1152. Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan

    Naohiro Yonemoto

  1153. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Mohammed Youssef

  1154. Internal Medicine Department, Arkansas Department of Health, Greenville, TX, USA

    Mohammed Youssef

  1155. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

    Chuanhua Yu

  1156. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen

    Fathiah Zakham

  1157. Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

    Nazar Zaki

  1158. Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Michael Zastrozhin

  1159. Department of Administration, PGxAI, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Michael Zastrozhin

  1160. College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Practice, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed Zawiah

  1161. Pharmacy Practice Department, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen

    Mohammed Zawiah

  1162. School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China

    Jingya Zhang

  1163. School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

    Yunquan Zhang

  1164. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

    Yunquan Zhang

  1165. School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China

    Zhi-Jiang Zhang

  1166. School of Global Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

    Jinxin Zheng

  1167. National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China

    Jinxin Zheng

  1168. Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA

    Anthony Zhong

  1169. Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

    Claire Chenwen Zhong

  1170. School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA

    Jiayan Zhou

  1171. School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China

    Bin Zhu

  1172. Atchabarov Scientific-Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

    Abzal Zhumagaliuly

  1173. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Hafsa Zia

  1174. Institute of Public Health and Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan

    Hafsa Zia

  1175. Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

    Magdalena Zielińska

  1176. College of Medicine, Sulaiman Alrajhi University, Al Bukayriyah, Saudi Arabia

    Osama A. Zitoun

  1177. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

    Ghazal Zoghi

  1178. Clinical Research Centre, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine

    Sa’ed H. Zyoud

Authors
  1. Jiyeon Oh
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  2. Soeun Kim
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  3. Yesol Yim
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  4. Min Seo Kim
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  5. Simon I. Hay
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  6. Jae Il Shin
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  7. Dong Keon Yon
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Consortia

GBD 2023 Global Chronic Respiratory Disease and Covid Collaborators

  • Jiyeon Oh
  • , Soeun Kim
  • , Yesol Yim
  • , Min Seo Kim
  • , Simon I. Hay
  • , Jae Il Shin
  • , Dong Keon Yon
  • , Ahmed A. J. Jabbar
  • , Hasan Aalruz
  • , Mohammadreza Abbasian
  • , Abdallah H. A. Abd Al Magied
  • , Samar Abd ElHafeez
  • , Atef Abdelkader
  • , Mawada Hassan Abdelmagied
  • , Parsa Abdi
  • , Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
  • , Deldar Morad Abdulah
  • , Auwal Abdullahi
  • , Nigusie Abebaw
  • , Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga
  • , Richard Gyan Aboagye
  • , Hassan Abolhassani
  • , Mohamed Abouzid
  • , Lucas Guimarães Abreu
  • , Dariush Abtahi
  • , Rana Kamal Abu Farha
  • , Ibrahim Jatau Abubakar
  • , Eman Abu-Gharbieh
  • , Hana J. Abukhadijah
  • , Salahdein Aburuz
  • , Ahmed Abu-Zaid
  • , Juan Manuel Acuna
  • , Mesafint Molla Adane
  • , Isaac Yeboah Addo
  • , Oyelola A. Adegboye
  • , Victor Adekanmbi
  • , Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
  • , Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa
  • , Rishan Adha
  • , Kishor Adhikari
  • , Ripon Kumar Adhikary
  • , Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani
  • , Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi
  • , Rotimi Felix Afolabi
  • , Fatemeh Afrashteh
  • , Arya Afrooghe
  • , Anurag Agrawal
  • , Williams Agyemang-Duah
  • , Aqeel Ahmad
  • , Muayyad M. Ahmad
  • , Sajjad Ahmad
  • , Shahzaib Ahmad
  • , Ali Ahmadi
  • , Ayman Ahmed
  • , Haroon Ahmed
  • , Ibrar Ahmed
  • , Mohammed Ahmed
  • , Oli Ahmed
  • , Sindew Mahmud Ahmed
  • , Syed Anees Ahmed
  • , Abdullateef Abiodun Ajadi
  • , Ruslan Akhmedullin
  • , Karolina Akinosoglou
  • , Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif
  • , Ashley E. Akrami
  • , Hanadi Al Hamad
  • , Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan
  • , Muaaz M. Alajlani
  • , Yazan Al-Ajlouni
  • , Khurshid Alam
  • , Mohammad Khursheed Alam
  • , Nazmul Alam
  • , Rasmieh Mustafa Al-amer
  • , Ayman Al-Eyadhy
  • , Abdelazeem M. Algammal
  • , Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi
  • , Fadwa Naji Alhalaiqa
  • , Endale Alemayehu Ali
  • , Mohammad Daud Ali
  • , Mohammed Usman Ali
  • , Rafat Ali
  • , Syed Shujait Ali
  • , Waad Ali
  • , Akram Al-Ibraheem
  • , Sheikh Mohammad Alif
  • , Samah W. Al-Jabi
  • , Mohamad Aljofan
  • , Syed Mohamed Aljunid
  • , Sabah Al-Marwani
  • , Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi
  • , Mohmmad Minwer Alnaeem
  • , Mahmoud A. Alomari
  • , Jaber S. Alqahtani
  • , Abdullah A. Alqarni
  • , Ahmad Alrawashdeh
  • , Sahel Majed Alrousan
  • , Mohammed A. Alsabri
  • , Najim Z. Alshahrani
  • , Zaid Altaany
  • , Awais Altaf
  • , Khaled Altartoor
  • , Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
  • , Khalid A. Altirkawi
  • , Farrukh Jawad Alvi
  • , Nelson Alvis-Guzman
  • , Hassan Alwafi
  • , Mohammad Al-Wardat
  • , Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi
  • , Hany Aly
  • , Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim Alyahya
  • , Abdallah Alzoubi
  • , Karem H. Alzoubi
  • , Reza Amani
  • , Isha Amatya
  • , Amr Amin
  • , Hubert Amu
  • , Robert Ancuceanu
  • , Michael Anderson
  • , Abhishek Anil
  • , Adnan Ansar
  • , Mohammed Tahir Ansari
  • , Sameera Ansari
  • , Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa
  • , Iyadunni Adesola Anuoluwa
  • , Saeid Anvari
  • , Saleha Anwar
  • , Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor
  • , Geminn Louis Carace Apostol
  • , Jalal Arabloo
  • , Elshaimaa A. Arafa
  • , Mosab Arafat
  • , Aleksandr Y. Aravkin
  • , Demelash Areda
  • , Benedetta Armocida
  • , Mahwish Arooj
  • , Idowu Thomas Aruleba
  • , Ashokan Arumugam
  • , Akeza Awealom Asgedom
  • , Mona Asghariahmadabad
  • , Akram Ashames
  • , Muhammad Abdul Basit Ashraf
  • , Tahira Ashraf
  • , Bernard Kwadwo Yeboah Asiamah-Asare
  • , Dereje Zewdu Assefa
  • , Alok Atreya
  • , Engi Farouk Attia
  • , Marcel Ausloos
  • , Lemessa Assefa A. Ayana
  • , Sadat Abdulla Aziz
  • , Zaharaddeen Shuaibu Babandi
  • , Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu
  • , Muhammad Badar
  • , Atif Amin Baig
  • , Aleksandra Barac
  • , Mainak Bardhan
  • , Hiba Jawdat Barqawi
  • , Zarrin Basharat
  • , Rehana Basri
  • , Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan
  • , Mohammad Amin Bayat Tork
  • , Nebiyou Simegnew Bayleyegn
  • , Payam Behzadi
  • , Asnake Gashaw Belayneh
  • , Muhammad Bashir Bello
  • , Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello
  • , Apostolos Beloukas
  • , Maryam Bemanalizadeh
  • , Habib Benzian
  • , Robert S. Bernstein
  • , Paulo J. G. Bettencourt
  • , Kebede A. Beyene
  • , Ajeet Singh Bhadoria
  • , Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
  • , Pankaj Bhardwaj
  • , Ashish Bhargava
  • , Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
  • , Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa
  • , Hamed Borhany
  • , Souad Bouaoud
  • , Edward J. Boyko
  • , Hermann Brenner
  • , Tsion Samuel Bunare
  • , Yasser Bustanji
  • , Nadeem Shafique Butt
  • , Zahid A. Butt
  • , Mehtap Çakmak Barsbay
  • , Daniela Calina
  • , Luis Alberto Cámera
  • , Ismael Campos-Nonato
  • , Angelo Capodici
  • , Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
  • , Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela
  • , Luca Cegolon
  • , Muthia Cenderadewi
  • , Ester Cerin
  • , Chiranjib Chakraborty
  • , Sandip Chakraborty
  • , Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan
  • , Eeshwar K. Chandrasekar
  • , Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
  • , Hana Chen
  • , Haowei Chen
  • , Shanquan Chen
  • , Esther T. W. Cheng
  • , Nicholas WS Chew
  • , Gerald Chi
  • , Patrick R. Ching
  • , Jesus Lorenzo Chirinos-Caceres
  • , Abdulaal Chitheer
  • , Yuen Yu Chong
  • , Sonali Gajanan Choudhari
  • , Sreshtha Chowdhury
  • , Devasahayam J. Christopher
  • , Dinh-Toi Chu
  • , Ting-Wu Chuang
  • , Isaac Sunday Chukwu
  • , Sunghyun Chung
  • , Muhammad Chutiyami
  • , Aaron J. Cohen
  • , Joao Conde
  • , Natalia Cruz-Martins
  • , Alanna Gomes da Silva
  • , Nour Dababo
  • , Omid Dadras
  • , Siyu Dai
  • , Xiaochen Dai
  • , Zhaoli Dai
  • , Koustuv Dalal
  • , Samuel Demissie Darcho
  • , Ana Maria Dascalu
  • , Cornelius Dassah
  • , Juana Maria Delgado-Saborit
  • , Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu
  • , Pradeep Kumar Devarakonda
  • , Devananda Devegowda
  • , Rakhi Dey
  • , Arkadeep Dhali
  • , Kuldeep Dhama
  • , Amol S. Dhane
  • , Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne
  • , Meghnath Dhimal
  • , Marcello Di Pumpo
  • , Mostafa Dianatinasab
  • , Daniel Diaz
  • , Michael J. Diaz
  • , Thanh Chi Do
  • , Thao Huynh Phuong Do
  • , Sushil Dohare
  • , Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi
  • , Robert Kokou Dowou
  • , Viola Savy Dsouza
  • , Sulagna Dutta
  • , Abdel Rahman E’mar
  • , Hooman Ebrahimi
  • , Hisham Atan Edinur
  • , Diyan Ermawan Effendi
  • , Foolad Eghbali
  • , Ashkan Eighaei Sedeh
  • , Taymmia Ejaz
  • , Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo
  • , Ibrahim Farahat El Bayoumy
  • , Omar Abdelsadek Abdou El Meligy
  • , Mohamed Ahmed Eladl
  • , Said El-Ashker
  • , Noha Mousaad Elemam
  • , Muhammed Elhadi
  • , Ibrahim Elsohaby
  • , Chadi Eltaha
  • , Theophilus I. Emeto
  • , Talha Bin Emran
  • , Majid Eslami
  • , Maysa Eslami
  • , Sayed Vahid Esmaeili
  • , Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka
  • , Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
  • , Ayesha Fahim
  • , Razana Faiz
  • , Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev
  • , Mohammad Farahmand
  • , Mohsen A. Farghaly
  • , Andre Faro
  • , Hossein Farrokhpour
  • , Rana Farsakoury
  • , Kiana Fasihi
  • , Modupe Margaret Fasina
  • , Zareen Fatima
  • , Nelsensius Klau Fauk
  • , Pietro Ferrara
  • , Nuno Ferreira
  • , Florian Fischer
  • , Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
  • , Marco Fonzo
  • , Arianna Fornari
  • , Daniela Fortuna
  • , Matteo Foschi
  • , Maryam Fotouhi
  • , Jinming Fu
  • , G. Sridevi
  • , Muktar A. Gadanya
  • , Abduzhappar Gaipov
  • , Silvano Gallus
  • , Aravind P. Gandhi
  • , Balasankar Ganesan
  • , Zisis Gatzioufas
  • , Rupesh K. Gautam
  • , Miglas Welay Gebregergis
  • , Molla Getie
  • , Delaram J. Ghadimi
  • , Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari
  • , Ramy Mohamed Ghazy
  • , Gloria Gheno
  • , Maryam Gholamalizadeh
  • , Ali Gholamrezanezhad
  • , Elena Ghotbi
  • , Arun Ghuge
  • , Artyom Urievich Gil
  • , Richard F. Gillum
  • , Alem Abera Girmay
  • , Mahaveer Golechha
  • , MReza Goodarzian
  • , Amador Goodridge
  • , Ayman Grada
  • , Michal Grivna
  • , Ashna Grover
  • , Zhongyang Guan
  • , Giovanni Guarducci
  • , Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari
  • , Stefano Guicciardi
  • , Snigdha Gulati
  • , Damitha Asanga Gunawardane
  • , Cui Guo
  • , Anish Kumar Gupta
  • , Bhawna Gupta
  • , Lalit Gupta
  • , Rajeev Gupta
  • , Veer Bala Gupta
  • , Vivek Kumar Gupta
  • , Roberth Steven Gutiérrez-Murillo
  • , Farrokh Habibzadeh
  • , Mostafa Hadei
  • , Dariush Haghmorad
  • , Sebastian Haller
  • , Rabih Halwani
  • , Nadia M. Hamdy
  • , Ahmad Hammoud
  • , Changwoo Han
  • , Fahad Hanna
  • , Arief Hargono
  • , Josep Maria Haro
  • , Md. Kamrul Hasan
  • , Mohammad Jahid Hasan
  • , Hamidreza Hasani
  • , Ali Hasanpour-Dehkordi
  • , Nageeb Hassan
  • , Shoaib Hassan
  • , Johannes Haubold
  • , Jiawei He
  • , Wen-Qiang He
  • , Behzad Heibati
  • , Bartosz Helfer
  • , Mehdi Hemmati
  • , Yuta Hiraike
  • , Minh Hoang
  • , Ramesh Holla
  • , Nobuyuki Horita
  • , Sabbir Hossain
  • , Md. Belal Hossain
  • , Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
  • , Sorin Hostiuc
  • , Vivian Chia-rong Hsieh
  • , Junjie Huang
  • , Ayesha Humayun
  • , Tsegaye Gebreyes Hundie
  • , Kiavash Hushmandi
  • , Javid Hussain
  • , Nawfal R. Hussein
  • , Mohamed Ibrahim Husseiny
  • , Le Duc Huy
  • , Hong-Han Huynh
  • , Bing-Fang Hwang
  • , Ivo Iavicoli
  • , Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye
  • , Anel Ibrayeva
  • , Kevin S. Ikuta
  • , Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi
  • , Irena M. Ilic
  • , Milena D. Ilic
  • , Mustapha Immurana
  • , Arit Inok
  • , Muhammad Iqhrammullah
  • , Mustafa Alhaji Isa
  • , Md. Rabiul Islam
  • , Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail
  • , Zhanat Bakhitovna Ispayeva
  • , Assefa N. Iyasu
  • , Mahalaxmi Iyer
  • , Vinothini J
  • , Louis Jacob
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  • , Luca Ronfani
  • , Moustaq Karim Khan Rony
  • , Himanshu Sekhar Rout
  • , Nitai Roy
  • , Priyanka Roy
  • , Shubhanjali Roy
  • , Simanta Roy
  • , Tilleye Runghien
  • , Adnan Saadeddin
  • , Farrukh Ishaque I. Saah
  • , Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad
  • , Cameron John Sabet
  • , Siamak Sabour
  • , Basema Ahmad Saddik
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  • , Maryam Saeedi
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  • , Alireza Saghafi
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  • , Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari
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  • , Pallav Sengupta
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  • , Mehran Shams-Beyranvand
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  • , Anas Shamsi
  • , Alfiya Shamsutdinova
  • , Nigussie Tadesse Sharew
  • , Sadaf Sharfaei
  • , Amin Sharifan
  • , Javad Sharifi Rad
  • , Manoj Sharma
  • , Vishal Sharma
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  • , Rekha Raghuveer Shenoy
  • , Samendra P. Sherchan
  • , Pavanchand H. Shetty
  • , Premalatha K. Shetty
  • , Desalegn Shiferaw
  • , Mika Shigematsu
  • , Aminu Shittu
  • , Zahra Shokati Eshkiki
  • , Sina Shool
  • , Sunil Shrestha
  • , Yafei Si
  • , Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
  • , Mohammad Sidiq
  • , Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva
  • , Amit Singh
  • , Baljinder Singh
  • , Harmanjit Singh
  • , Jasvinder A. Singh
  • , Kalpana Singh
  • , Surjit Singh
  • , Mukesh Kumar Sinha
  • , Robert Sinto
  • , Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina
  • , Farrukh Sobia
  • , Anton Sokhan
  • , Shipra Solanki
  • , Solikhah Solikhah
  • , Sameh S. M. Soliman
  • , Aayushi Sood
  • , Soroush Soraneh
  • , Reed J. D. Sorensen
  • , Joan B. Soriano
  • , Ireneous N. Soyiri
  • , Michael Spartalis
  • , Sandra Spearman
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  • , Jing Sun
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  • , Yasaman Taheri Abkenar
  • , Jabeen Taiba
  • , Iman M. Talaat
  • , Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi
  • , Ker-Kan Tan
  • , Nathan Y. Tat
  • , Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
  • , Animut Takele Telayneh
  • , Worku Animaw Temesgen
  • , Mohamad-Hani Temsah
  • , Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan
  • , Mahalakshmi Thayumana Sundaram
  • , Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
  • , Krishna Tiwari
  • , Vikas Kumar Tiwari
  • , Sojit Tomo
  • , Roman Topor-Madry
  • , Jasmine T. Tran
  • , Ngoc Ha Tran
  • , Quynh Thuy Huong Tran
  • , Thang Huu Tran
  • , Domenico Trico
  • , Jaya Prasad Tripathy
  • , Samuel Joseph Tromans
  • , Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen
  • , Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu
  • , Aniefiok John Udoakang
  • , Atta Ullah
  • , Irfan Ullah
  • , Saeed Ullah
  • , Umar Muhammad Umar
  • , Eduardo A. Undurraga
  • , Brigid Unim
  • , Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
  • , Era Upadhyay
  • , Dipan Uppal
  • , Jibrin Sammani Usman
  • , Jef Van den Eynde
  • , Tommi Juhani Vasankari
  • , Balachandar Vellingiri
  • , Madhur Verma
  • , Massimiliano Veroux
  • , Georgios-Ioannis Verras
  • , Simone Villa
  • , Jorge Hugo Villafañe
  • , Francesco S. Violante
  • , Xing Wang
  • , Yanzhong Wang
  • , Ahmed Bilal Waqar
  • , Muhammad Waqas
  • , Ronny Westerman
  • , Anggi Lukman Wicaksana
  • , Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe
  • , Peter Willeit
  • , Marcin W. Wojewodzic
  • , Yihun Miskir Wubie
  • , Sarah Wulf Hanson
  • , Zhijia Xia
  • , Lishun Xiao
  • , Xiaoyue Xu
  • , Mingyang Xue
  • , Lalit Yadav
  • , Mukesh Kumar Yadav
  • , Yuichiro Yano
  • , Yuichi Yasufuku
  • , Sanni Yaya
  • , Pengpeng Ye
  • , Saber Yezli
  • , Naohiro Yonemoto
  • , Mohammed Youssef
  • , Chuanhua Yu
  • , Fathiah Zakham
  • , Nazar Zaki
  • , Michael Zastrozhin
  • , Mohammed Zawiah
  • , Jingya Zhang
  • , Yunquan Zhang
  • , Zhi-Jiang Zhang
  • , Jinxin Zheng
  • , Anthony Zhong
  • , Claire Chenwen Zhong
  • , Jiayan Zhou
  • ,  Bin Zhu
  • , Abzal Zhumagaliuly
  • , Hafsa Zia
  • , Magdalena Zielińska
  • , Osama A. Zitoun
  • , Ghazal Zoghi
  • , Sa’ed H. Zyoud
  •  & Samer H. Zyoud

Contributions

J.O., S. Kim, Y. Yim, M.S.K., S.I.H., J.I.S. and D.K.Y. conceptualized and designed the study. These authors also developed the methodology and acquired the data. J.O., S. Kim, Y. Yim, M.S.K., S.I.H., J.I.S. and D.K.Y. conducted the statistical analysis and curated the data. S.I.H., J.I.S. and D.K.Y. validated the findings, interpreted the data and created the visualizations. They also managed the estimation or publications process. J.O., S. Kim and Y. Yim prepared the original draft. All authors reviewed and edited the paper and provided critical revisions. S.I.H., J.I.S. and D.K.Y. supervised the work and oversaw project administration. These same authors secured the funding. Contributions by the GBD 2023 Global Chronic Respiratory Disease and COVID Collaborators are described in the Supplementary Information.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jae Il Shin or Dong Keon Yon.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

S. Ansari reports grants or contracts from the Australian Government Department of Health Medical Research Future Fund and Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (payment made to UNSW Sydney, administering institution for the grants); payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Asthma Australia toward participation in the Quality Use of Medicines for Chronic Airways Disease Program funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Honoraria from the National Health and Medical Research Council for participation in two Grant Assessment Committees for the Australian Government Department of Health; support for attending meetings and/or travel from Asthma Australia toward participation in the Quality Use of Medicines for Chronic Airways Disease Program design thinking workshop in Brisbane, Australia; and other support from UNSW Sydney through two Australian Government Medical Research Future Fund grants, outside the submitted work. A. Min reports patents planned, issued or pending: US20200253891A1 Method of Liver Cancer Treatment with Safranal-Based Formulations (Pending); US20200254049A1 Combination Therapy for Cancer (Pending); and US20200253890A1 Suppression and Inhibition of CDC25B with Safranal-Based Formulations (Pending), outside the submitted work. R. Ancuceanu reports consulting fees from AbbVie and Merck Romania; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from AbbVie, Laropharm, Reckitt and Merck Romania; and support for attending meetings and/or travel from Merck Romania and Reckitt, outside the submitted work. J. A. Al-Tawfiq reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as a member of the executive board of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, outside the submitted work. M. Asghariahmadabad reports support for attending meetings and/or travel from the ASNR member in training travel grant to attend ASNR 2025, outside the submitted work. E.F.A. reports support for the present manuscript from the following grants: NIH/NHLBI K23 HL129888, Fred Hutch/UW CFAR AI027757 and NIH/NHLBI R03 HL160251 (all grant funding payments made to institution). M. Ausloos reports support for the present manuscript from the project ‘A better understanding of socio-economic systems using quantitative methods from physics’ funded by European Union—NextgenerationEU and Romanian Government, under National Recovery and Resilience Plan for Romania, contract no. 760034/23.05.2023, code PNRR-C9-I8-CF 255/29.11.2022, through the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization, within Component 9, ‘Investment I8’. A. Beloukas reports grants or contracts from Gilead (Research Grant and Sponsorship to the University of West Attica) and GSK/ViiV (Research Grant and Sponsorship to the University of West Attica); payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Gilead and GSK (paid to the University of West Attica); support for attending meetings and/or travel from Gilead and GSK (paid to the University of West Attica); and receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts or other services from Cepheid, outside the submitted work. E.J.B. reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from the Korean Diabetes Association, International Society for the Diabetic Foot, Diabetes Association of the R.O.C. (Taiwan) and the American Diabetes Association and support for attending meetings and/or travel from Korean Diabetes Association, Diabetes Association of the R.O.C. (Taiwan) and the International Society for the Diabetic Foot, outside the submitted work. P.J.G.B. reports the following patents planned, issued or pending: WO2020229805A1, BR112021022592A2, EP3965809A1, OA1202100511, US2023173050A1, EP4265271A2, EP4275700A2, outside the submitted work. A.J.C. reports support for the present manuscript from the Health Effects Institute. J.C. reports grants or contracts from the European Research Council Starting Grant (ERC-StG-2019-848325) and patents planned, issued or pending SURFACTANT-BASED HYDROGEL, METHODS AND USES THEREOF (Universidade Nova de Lisboa), outside the submitted work. N.C.-M. reports consulting fees from Signant Health outside the submitted work. X.D. reports support for the present manuscript from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington. A. Faro reports support for the present manuscript from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, CNPq, Brazil, Researcher Grant (Bolsa Produtividade). R.F.G. reports other support from Elsevier as an associate editor outside the submitted work. Z. Guan reports grants or contracts from Dementia Centre of Excellence, Curtin enAble Institute and Curtin University outside the submitted work. I.M.I. reports support for the present manuscript from Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (no. 451-03-137/2025-03/200110). M.D.I. reports support for the present manuscript from Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (no. 451-03-47/2023-01/200111). N.E.I. reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, unpaid as The Bursar and Council Member of Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy and as Committee Member of Education Chapter, Malaysian Pharmacists Society, outside the submitted work. T. Joo reports support for the present manuscript from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office in Hungary (RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00006, Data-Driven Health Division of National Laboratory for Health Security). M. Kivimaki reports grants or contracts from the Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z), the UK Medical Research Council (MR/Y014154/1), the National Institute on Aging (National Institutes of Health grants R01AG056477 and R01AG062553) and the Research Council of Finland (350426) outside the submitted work. K. Krishan reports non-financial support from the UGC Centre of Advanced Study, CAS II, awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University (Chandigarh, India) outside the submitted work. M.-C.L. reports support for the present manuscript from the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan (NSTC 113-2314-B-003-002), and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as technical editor, Journal of the American Heart Association, outside the submitted work. G. Liu reports grants or contracts from Al & Val Rosenstrauss Fellowship from Rebecca L. Cooper Medical Research Foundation, Australia, outside the submitted work. J. Liu reports support for the present manuscript from the National Natural Science Foundation (grant 72122001). A. Malinovschi reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Boehringer Ingelheim and Chiesi and receipt of sensors for exhaled nitric oxide measurements from NIOX in an investigator-initiated study from Uppsala University outside the submitted work. H. R. Marateb reports grants or contracts from The Beatriu de Pinós postdoctoral program from the Office of the Secretary of Universities and Research from the Ministry of Business and Knowledge of the Government of Catalonia program: 2020 BP 00261, and by the LLavor A grant, funded by the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR), Generalitat de Catalunya, under the Programa Indústria del Coneixement: PREPARE (2024 LLAV 00083), outside the submitted work. S. Martini reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid from the Indonesian Public Health Association, outside the submitted work. A.G.M. reports consulting fees from Sanofi; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from GlaxoSmithKline; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, unpaid as chair, European Respiratory Society (ERS) Airway Diseases Pharmacology and Treatment Group (5.1); stock or stock options in Health Networks; and other non-financial support from Verona Pharma, outside the submitted work. R. J. Maude reports support for the present manuscript from Wellcome Trust (grant number 220211). A.-F.A.M. reports grants or contract funding from ‘MilkSafe: A novel pipeline to enrich formula milk using omics technologies’, a research cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the call RESEARCH - CREATE - INNOVATE (project code: T2EDK-02222), as well as from ELIDEK (Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, MIMS-860) (both outside of the present manuscript); payment for expert testimony as an external peer-reviewer for Fondazione Cariplo, Italy; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as editorial board member for Systematic Reviews and Annals of Epidemiology and as associate editor for Translational Psychiatry; stocks on a family winery; and other support from having been a senior scientific officer at BGI Group (Shenzhen, China), outside the submitted work. L. Monasta reports support for the present manuscript from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente 34/2017) and payments made to the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo. L. Muccioli reports support for attending meetings and/or travel from Jazz Pharma and Angelini, outside the submitted work. S. Nomura reports support for the present manuscript from grants from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (24H00663) and Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JPMJPR22R8). B.O. reports grants or contracts from the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, project PNRR-I8 no. 842027778, contract no. 760096, outside the submitted work. A. Ortiz reports grants from Sanofi to institution IIS-FJD UAM and to Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM); consulting fees from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bioporto, Boehringer Ingelheim, Fresenius Medical Care, GSK, Bayer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Lilly, Chiesi, Otsuka, Novo Nordisk and Sysmex; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bioporto, Boehringer Ingelheim, Fresenius Medical Care, GSK, Bayer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Sobi, Menarini, Lilly, Chiesi, Otsuka, Novo Nordisk, Sysmex and Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma and Spafarma; support for attending meetings and/or travel from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Fresenius Medical Care, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Chiesi, Sobi and Bayer; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Fresenius Medical Care, Bayer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Chiesi, Otsuka, Novo Nordisk and Sysmex; and leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, unpaid as Council ERA SOMANE, outside the submitted work. 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V.C.F.P. reports grants or contracts from Sanofi Consumer Healthcare to conduct research on self-care in the Philippines and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from the Zuellig Family Foundation to write papers on health systems strengthening, outside the submitted work. M.J.P. reports stock or stocks options from Health-Ecore and PAG BV, outside the submitted work. L. Ronfani reports support for the present manuscript from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente 34/2017) and payments made to the Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo. L.F.R. reports grants or contracts from GSK, MSK and Pfizer; consulting fees from GSK; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from GSK; and support for attending meetings and/or travel from GSK and Pfizer, outside the submitted work. B. Sartorius reports grants or contracts from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Fellowship (grant number 2034827), outside the submitted work. B.M.S. reports grants or contracts from Else Kröner-Fresenius Foundation Research Grant, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Grant and PharmaCept GmbH research grant; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from AstraZeneca; and support for attending meetings and/or travel from Bayer AG, outside the submitted work. V. Sharma reports other support from DFSS (MHA)’s research project (DFSS28(1)2019/EMR/6) at Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University (Chandigarh, India), outside the submitted work. J.I.S. reports other financial or non-financial interests from Yonsei Fellowship, funded by Lee Youn Jae (JIS), outside the submitted work. L.M.L.R.S. reports grants or contracts with SPRINT, Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Polytechnic of Guarda, 6300-559 6 Guarda, Portugal, and collaborations with RISE–UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal), outside the submitted work. J.A.S. reports consulting fees from ROMTech, Atheneum, Clearview healthcare partners, American College of Rheumatology, Yale, Hulio, Horizon Pharmaceuticals, DINORA, ANI/Exeltis, Frictionless Solutions, Schipher, Crealta/Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, PK Med, Two Labs, Adept Field Solutions, Clinical Care Options, Putnam Associates, Focus Forward, Navigant Consulting, Spherix, MedIQ, Jupiter Life Science, UBM, Trio Health, Medscape, WebMD, Practice Point Communications and the National Institutes of Health; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events as a member of the speaker’s bureau of Simply Speaking; support for attending meetings and/or travel as a past steering committee member of OMERACT; participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board from the FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as a past steering committee member of the OMERACT (an international organization that develops measures for clinical trials and receives arm’s length funding from 12 pharmaceutical companies); stock or stock options in Atai Life Sciences, Kintara Therapeutics, Intelligent Bio Solutions, Acumen Pharmaceuticals, TPT Global Tech, Vaxart Inc., Aytu BioPharma, Adaptimmune Therapeutics, GeoVax Labs, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Enzolytics, Seres Therapeutics, Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., Abeona Therapeutics and Charlotte’s Web Holdings; and previously owned stock options in Amarin, Viking and Moderna, outside the submitted work. J.B.S. reports pharmaceutical company grants from 2021 to 2025 from Chiesi, GSK, Linde and Novartis via Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and participated in speaking activities, advisory committees and consultancies from 2021 to 2025 sponsored by Air Liquide, Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, CHEST, Chiesi, CNPT, ERS, FTH, Gebro, Grifols, GSK, IHME, Laminar Pharma, Linde, Lipopharma, Menarini, Mundipharma, Novartis, OMS/WHO, Pfizer, ResApp, RiRL, ROVI, SEPAR, Seqirus, WHO EUR, Takeda and Zambon. J.S.B. did not receive funding, directly or indirectly, from tobacco manufacturers or their affiliates. I.N.S. reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, unpaid as Trustee of the Citizens Advice Bureau for Hull & East Riding, United Kingdom, outside the submitted work. 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E.U. reports the following published patents, that is, A system and method of reusable filters for anti-pollution mask, A system and method for electricity generation through crop stubble by using microbial fuel cells, A system for disposed personal protection equipment (PPE) into biofuel through pyrolysis and method, A novel herbal pharmaceutical aid for formulation of gel and method thereof, and Herbal drug formulation for treating lung tissue degenerated by particulate matter exposure, and the filed patent, that is, A method to transform cow dung into the wall paint by using natural materials and composition thereof, and reports leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as executive council member, Indian Meteorological Society (Jaipur Chapter, India), and member secretary of DST PURSE Program, outside the submitted work. P.W. reports consulting fees from Novartis Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work. Y. 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Extended data

Extended Data Fig. 1 World map of age-standardized prevalence (A) and death rates (C) of chronic respiratory disease in 2023 and percentage change (B, D) from 1990 to 2023.

The figure displays the worldwide age-standardized prevalence rate (A) and death rate (per 100,000 population) (C) of chronic respiratory diseases in 2023, alongside the respective change rates in prevalence (B) and death (D) from 1990 to 2023. The color gradient, ranging from dark purple (high value) to pale yellow (low value), indicates the magnitude of each metric. The small insets beneath the main map provide magnified views of the Caribbean and Central America, the Persian Gulf, the Balkan Peninsula, Southeast Asia, West Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean, and Northern Europe.

Extended Data Fig. 2 World map of age-standardized prevalence rates for COPD (A, B) and asthma (C, D) in 2023 and percentage change from 1990 to 2023.

Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The figure displays the worldwide age-standardized prevalence rate (per 100,000 population) of COPD (A) and asthma (C) in 2023, alongside the respective change rates of COPD (B) and asthma (D) in prevalence from 1990 to 2023. The color gradient, ranging from dark blue or red (high value) to pale yellow (low value), indicates the magnitude of each metric. The small insets beneath the main map provide magnified views of the Caribbean and Central America, the Persian Gulf, the Balkan Peninsula, Southeast Asia, West Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean, and Northern Europe.

Extended Data Fig. 3 World map of age-standardized prevalence rates for pneumoconiosis (A, B) and interstitial lung diseases and pulmonary sarcoidosis (C, D) in 2023 and percentage change from 1990 to 2023.

The figure displays the worldwide age-standardized prevalence rate (per 100,000 population) of pneumoconiosis (A) and interstitial lung diseases and pulmonary sarcoidosis (C) in 2023, alongside the respective change rates of pneumoconiosis (B) and interstitial lung diseases and pulmonary sarcoidosis (D) in prevalence from 1990 to 2023. The color gradient, ranging from dark purple or green (high value) to pale yellow (low value), indicates the magnitude of each metric. The small insets beneath the main map provide magnified views of the Caribbean and Central America, the Persian Gulf, the Balkan Peninsula, Southeast Asia, West Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean, and Northern Europe.

Extended Data Fig. 4 World map of age-standardized death rates for COPD (A, B) and asthma (C, D) in 2023 and percentage change from 1990 to 2023.

Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The figure displays the worldwide age-standardized death rate (per 100,000 population) of COPD (A) and asthma (C) in 2023, alongside the respective change rates of COPD (B) and asthma (D) in prevalence from 1990 to 2023. The color gradient, ranging from dark blue or red (high value) to pale yellow (low value), indicates the magnitude of each metric. The small insets beneath the main map provide magnified views of the Caribbean and Central America, the Persian Gulf, the Balkan Peninsula, Southeast Asia, West Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean, and Northern Europe.

Extended Data Fig. 5 World map of age-standardized death rates for pneumoconiosis (A, B) and interstitial lung diseases and pulmonary sarcoidosis (C, D) in 2023 and percentage change from 1990 to 2023.

The figure displays the worldwide age-standardized death rate (per 100,000 population) of pneumoconiosis (A) and interstitial lung diseases and pulmonary sarcoidosis (C) in 2023, alongside the respective change rates of pneumoconiosis (B) and interstitial lung diseases and pulmonary sarcoidosis (D) in prevalence from 1990 to 2023. The color gradient, ranging from dark purple or green (high value) to pale yellow (low value), indicates the magnitude of each metric. The small insets beneath the main map provide magnified views of the Caribbean and Central America, the Persian Gulf, the Balkan Peninsula, Southeast Asia, West Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean, and Northern Europe.

Extended Data Fig. 6 Global age-sex-specific COPD (A), asthma (B), pneumoconiosis (C), ILD and pulmonary sarcoidosis (D) prevalence rates, 1990–2023.

Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ILD, interstitial lung disease. The figure presents the 1990–2023 global age- and sex-specific prevalence rate trends for COPD (A), asthma (B), pneumoconiosis (C), and ILD and pulmonary sarcoidosis (D). Blue indicates male, and pink indicates female. The bold line represents the mean prevalence rate (derived from the GBD 2023 draws), and the lighter shading denotes the 95% uncertainty interval (UI). For age groups whose trends are not clearly visible due to y-axis scaling, inset figures are provided. These data are population-level estimates (no separate biological or technical replicates), and the unit of study is the entire population in each region-year. No control group was used, as this is an observational, population-based analysis.

Extended Data Fig. 7 Global age-sex distribution of COPD (A), asthma (B), pneumoconiosis (C), and interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and pulmonary sarcoidosis (D) prevalence rates in 2023.

Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ILD, interstitial lung disease. The figure presents the 2023 global age- and sex-specific prevalence rates (per 100,000 population) of COPD (A), asthma (B), pneumoconiosis (C), and interstitial lung diseases and pulmonary sarcoidosis (D). Each bar represents the mean prevalence rate derived from the GBD 2023 draws for each region, with the thin black lines indicating the 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). Blue bars represent males, pink bars represent females. These estimates are population-level data (no separate biological or technical replicates), and the unit of study is the entire population in each region. No control group was used, as this is an observational, population-based analysis.

Extended Data Fig. 8 Global age-sex distribution of COPD (A), asthma (B), pneumoconiosis (C), and interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and pulmonary sarcoidosis (D) death rates in 2023.

Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ILD, interstitial lung diseases. The figure presents the 2023 global age- and sex-specific death rates (per 100,000 population) of COPD (A), asthma (B), pneumoconiosis (C), and interstitial lung diseases and pulmonary sarcoidosis (D). Each bar represents the mean death rate derived from the GBD 2023 draws for each region, with the thin black lines indicating the 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). Blue bars represent males, and pink bars represent females. These estimates are population-level data (no separate biological or technical replicates), and the unit of study is the entire population in each region. No control group was used, as this is an observational, population-based analysis.

Extended Data Fig. 9 AAPC of age-standardized incidence and death rates for chronic respiratory diseases by GBD region during the pre-COVID-19 (2010–2019) and the pandemic period (2020–2023).

The figure presents the average annual percentage changes in age-standardized incidence and death rates (per 100,000 population) of CRDs by GBD region for the pre-COVID-19 period (2010–2019) and the pandemic period (2020–2023). Purple bars represent the pre-pandemic period (2010–2019), and green bars represent the pandemic period (2020–2023).

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Oh, J., Kim, S., Yim, Y. et al. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic respiratory diseases and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, 1990–2023: a Global Burden of Disease study. Nat Med 32, 197–223 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-04077-9

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