Extended Data Fig. 2: World map of age-standardized prevalence rates for COPD (A, B) and asthma (C, D) in 2023 and percentage change from 1990 to 2023. | Nature Medicine

Extended Data Fig. 2: World map of age-standardized prevalence rates for COPD (A, B) and asthma (C, D) in 2023 and percentage change from 1990 to 2023.

From: Global, regional, and national burden of chronic respiratory diseases and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, 1990–2023: a Global Burden of Disease study

Extended Data Fig. 2

Abbreviation: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The figure displays the worldwide age-standardized prevalence rate (per 100,000 population) of COPD (A) and asthma (C) in 2023, alongside the respective change rates of COPD (B) and asthma (D) in prevalence from 1990 to 2023. The color gradient, ranging from dark blue or red (high value) to pale yellow (low value), indicates the magnitude of each metric. The small insets beneath the main map provide magnified views of the Caribbean and Central America, the Persian Gulf, the Balkan Peninsula, Southeast Asia, West Africa, the Eastern Mediterranean, and Northern Europe.

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