Abstract
Heat shock poses a major threat to strawberry production, impairing both yield and fruit quality. This study investigated the potential of salicylic acid (SA) spraying (1 mM) to mitigate heat-induced damage (42 °C) in ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Paros’ cultivars. Results showed heat shock was the primary factor driving a severe decline in fruit yield by 61%. Although SA failed to mitigate yield loss, it induced divergent, cultivar-specific strategies in biomass partitioning and defense metabolism. ‘Camarosa’ deployed an inducible, high-cost acclimation strategy, upregulating PAL activity by 56.3% and reconfiguring biomass towards roots, whereas ‘Paros’ exhibited constitutive tolerance but greater fruit weight sensitivity (34.3% vs. 15.6% reduction). PCA quantified a fundamental physiological trade-off, with PC1 (45.5% of variance) clearly separating a yield and quality cluster from a cluster defined by phenylpropanoid metabolism. This was statistically underpinned by significant negative correlations between PAL activity and both fruit yield (r = −0.63) and vitamin C (r = −0.83), confirming the metabolic cost of phenylpropanoid defense activation. It is concluded that 1 mM SA does not rescue yield but serves as a genotype-specific physiological modulator, indicating that management strategies should prioritize cultivars that balance defense expenditure with reproductive sink strength.
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Authors would like to express gratitude to the University of Jiroft for providing the facilities to carry out this research.
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M KS was responsible for project implementation and data collection. A HM managed the project, supervised the activities, and wrote the original draft, as well as the Writing – review & editing. A S and A HM performed data analysis and conceptualization. All authors contributed to reviewing and approved the final manuscript.
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Khajeh Sorkhoeih, M., Hamidi Moghaddam, A. & Seyedi, A. Salicylic acid induces cultivar specific compromises in yield, fruit quality and defense metabolism of heat stressed strawberry. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35412-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35412-w
