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Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum miR-155 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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  • Published: 20 March 2026

Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum miR-155 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

  • Yongming Wu1 na1,
  • Kaijun Zhang1 na1,
  • Rongrong Zhong2 na1,
  • Weihong Wang1 na1,
  • Zhaodi Luo1,
  • Zhiyi Ma1,
  • Rongzhang Liang1,
  • Xiaoming Wu1 &
  • …
  • Xin Zou1 

Scientific Reports , Article number:  (2026) Cite this article

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We are providing an unedited version of this manuscript to give early access to its findings. Before final publication, the manuscript will undergo further editing. Please note there may be errors present which affect the content, and all legal disclaimers apply.

Subjects

  • Biomarkers
  • Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Medical research

Abstract

We investigated serum miR-155 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its clinical utility. miR-155 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) were quantified, and associations with disease occurrence, inflammation, severity, and prognosis were assessed over one year. A total of 117 participants were enrolled: 59 COPD patients (29 acute exacerbation [AECOPD], 30 stable), 31 heavy smokers, and 27 healthy controls. miR-155 was measured by RT-PCR and cytokines by ELISA. COPD patients were prospectively followed and categorized as frequent exacerbators (FE) or non-frequent exacerbators (NFE) to evaluate miR-155’s predictive value. miR-155 was significantly elevated in COPD and heavy-smoking groups versus controls (P < 0.01) and higher in AECOPD than stable COPD (P < 0.01). ROC analysis identified optimal cutoff 0.578 (sensitivity 68.97%, specificity 96.67%, AUC = 0.8724). In AECOPD, miR-155 was lower in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) than non-IPA patients (P < 0.01). All inflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated in AECOPD versus other groups (P < 0.01). miR-155 showed positive correlations with IL-1β (R = 0.22, 95% CI 0.03–0.39, P < 0.05), IL-6 (R = 0.20, 95% CI 0.01–0.37, P < 0.05), IL-8 (R = 0.20, 95% CI 0.02–0.37, P < 0.05), TNF-α (R = 0.22, 95% CI 0.04–0.39, P < 0.05), GOLD stage (R = 0.35, 95% CI 0.10–0.55, P < 0.01), and ABE grouping (R = 0.66, 95% CI 0.49–0.79, P < 0.01). FE patients had higher miR-155 than NFE (P < 0.001), with moderate correlation to exacerbation frequency (R = 0.63, 95% CI 0.45–0.76, P < 0.01). miR-155 is involved in smoking-related COPD pathogenesis and shows promise as a biomarker for identifying AECOPD and differentiating IPA from non-IPA infections. Its correlations with inflammatory cytokines and disease severity support its utility in assessing inflammatory burden and clinical severity. Elevated miR-155 predicts frequent exacerbations, highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker.

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Data availability

The data are not publicly available due to ethical restrictions (patient privacy). Anonymized data may be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, subject to approval.

Abbreviations

COPD:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

AECOPD:

Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

GOLD:

Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease

miRNAs:

MicroRNAs

mRNAs:

Messenger RNAs

PBMCs:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells

BMI:

Body mass index

mMRC:

Modified medical research council

CAT:

COPD assessment test

SGRQ:

St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire

FEV₁:

Forced expiratory volume in one second

LRT:

Lower respiratory tract

GM:

Galactomannan

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction

cDNA:

Complementary DNA

SD:

Standard deviation

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

IL-1β:

Interleukin-1β

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

IL-8:

Interleukin-8

TNF-α:

Factor tumor necrosis factor-α

NO:

Nitric oxide

IL-10:

Interleukin-10

AIDS:

Acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome

IA:

Invasive aspergillosis

IPA:

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

SEB:

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

ICS:

Inhaled corticosteroids

FE:

Frequent exacerbator

NFE:

Non-frequent exacerbator

ROC:

Receiver operating characteristic

AUC:

Area under the curve

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Funding

This work is sponsored by Startup Fund for Scientific Research, Fujian Medical University (Grant number: 2022QH1344), Fujian Province Natural Science Foundation (Grand Number: 2023J011886), Longyan City Science and Technology Plan Project (Grant Number 2025LYF17050) and Longyan City Science and Technology Plan Project (Grant number: 2024LYF17040).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Yongming Wu, Kaijun Zhang, Rongrong Zhong and Weihong Wang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, China

    Yongming Wu, Kaijun Zhang, Weihong Wang, Zhaodi Luo, Zhiyi Ma, Rongzhang Liang, Xiaoming Wu & Xin Zou

  2. Department of Emergency, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, China

    Rongrong Zhong

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Contributions

Y.W.: Funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, project administration, visualization, writing-original draft, writing-review and editing. K.Z.: Funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, project administration, writing-original draft, writing-review and editing. R.Z.: Visualization, software, writing-original draft. W.W.: Investigation, software, visualization, writing-original draft. Z.L.: Investigation, data curation. Z.M.: Methodology, project administration, resources, conceptualization. R.L.: Supervision, project administration. X.W.: Investigation, data curation. X.Z.: Project administration, resources, supervision, funding acquisition, writing-review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xin Zou.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

Ethics statement

The blood samples of participants used in this study were approved by the Ethics Committee of Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (approval no. LYREC2023-k066-01, LYREC2023-k067-01, and no. LYREC2025-k010-01). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. All the research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Wu, Y., Zhang, K., Zhong, R. et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum miR-155 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-44741-9

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  • Received: 29 November 2025

  • Accepted: 13 March 2026

  • Published: 20 March 2026

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-44741-9

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Keywords

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • miR-155
  • Acute exacerbation
  • Biomarker
  • Inflammation
  • Smoking
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