Table 2 Source and description of variables.
From: The effect of articulation in sports posters on betting behavior
Construct and origin | Items |
|---|---|
Attitudes towards the sponsor’s Brand (Na and Kim, 2013) | This brand is good. |
This brand is favorable. | |
This brand is wise. | |
Congruence (Dreisbach et al., 2018) | Please evaluate the connection between [brand] and [event]: |
Dissimilar… similar | |
Not complementary… complementary | |
Low fit… high fit | |
Bet intention (Leng et al., 2021) | I often bet on sports events. |
How likely is it that you will gamble on the next sporting event? | |
How likely is it that you will gamble on the next occasion? | |
Gambling attitude (Leng et al., 2021) | Gambling is a fun activity. |
Moderate gambling is harmless. | |
Gamblers need counseling. | |
Gambling should be illegal. | |
Basically, I approve of gambling. | |
Perceived sincerity (Speed and Thompson, 2000) | The sport would benefit from this sponsorship at the grassroots level. |
The main reason the sponsor would be involved in the event is because the sponsor believes the event deserves support. | |
This sponsor would be likely to have the best interests of the sport at heart. | |
This sponsor would probably support the event even if it had a much lower profile. | |
Gambling behavior (Moore and Ohtsuka, 1999) | Never participated |
Once a year | |
More than once/year, less than once/month | |
More than once/month, less than once/week | |
Once a week or more. |
