Fig. 1: The relationship among S-D logic, smart tourism ecosystem, and tourist value co-creation behaviours.

The S-D logic perspective can be applied to illustrate how the service principle is focused on the smart tourism ecosystem. The ecosystem is constituted of six tourism service elements: attraction, transportation, accommodation, diet, and purchase. Based on the collaboration and resource exchange among tourism service providers, they can enhance tourists’ value co-creation behaviours and then sustainability.