Table 5 Topic labels and topic words/phrases from literature and expert interviews.

From: The conceptualization of smart tourism service platforms on tourist value co-creation behaviours: an integrative perspective of smart tourism services

Topic labels

Topic words/phrases

Smart information system

Application of websites, social media, Apps, QR Codes, electronic boards

Mobile device

Tablets, e-readers, smartphones, PDAs, portable music players, smartwatches, and fitness trackers with smart capabilities

Smart guide service

Location positioning, e-map, environment information, guide explanation, voice explanation

Smart card

Simultaneously can be an ID, a credit card and a stored-value cash card, and used in electronic commerce, allowing a contactless transaction

Multipay

Cashless payment, electronic payment, cross-border payment, self-service payment platform, application of e-ticket and credit card

Tourist information

Information on attractions, public transport, tourist facilities, accommodation, catering, shopping, special offers

Tourist goods

Board and lodging, tickets, souvenirs, entertainments, insurances

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