Table 5 Hypothesis testing results for the mediating effect of civic self-efficacy between civic knowledge, political media use, civic self-efficacy, and active citizenship behaviours.

From: Political media use, civic knowledge, civic self-efficacy, and gender: measuring active citizenship in Turkey

 

(O)

(M)

(STDEV)

T statistics

2.5%

97.5%

Decision

H4a: CK→CSE→DP

0.09

0.09

0.02

4.69*

0.05

0.12

Supported

H4b: CK→CSE→OP

0.09

0.09

0.02

4.24*

0.05

0.14

Supported

H4c: PMU→CSE→DP

0.01

0.01

0.01

1.01

−0.01

0.03

Not supported

H4d: PMU→CSE→OP

0.01

0.01

0.01

1.01

−0.01

0.03

Not supported

  1. O original sample, M sample mean, STDEV standard deviation.
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