Table 3 Results of item parameters, item information, item fit, and DIF detection of original ASI-3 items via MGRM.

Item	a₁	a₂	a₃	b₁	b₂	b₃	b₄	p.S-χ²	R²	info	Per
3	1.35			−1.27	0.25	1.43	2.83	0.030	0.012	0.53 (6)	6.90%
4	1.71			−0.57	0.65	1.44	2.53	−0.57	0.014	0.78 (5)	10.30%
7^a,b	2.52			−0.47	0.42	1.13	2.04	−0.47	0.012	1.59 (2)	20.90%
8^a,b	2.86			0.01	0.70	1.24	2.07	0.01	0.015	1.73 (1)	22.80%
12^a	2.51			−0.05	0.75	1.33	2.14	−0.05	0.015	1.41 (4)	18.60%
15^a	2.97			0.31	1.18	1.70	2.67	0.31	0.019	1.54 (3)	20.30%
1		0.75		−4.98	−2.31	0.09	2.40	−4.98	0.037	0.16 (6)	2.90%
6^a		1.80		−1.65	−0.50	0.45	1.71	−1.65	0.013	0.93 (4)	17.10%
9^a,b		2.12		−1.20	−0.10	0.77	1.93	−1.20	0.011	1.25 (2)	22.90%
11^a		1.91		−0.68	0.32	1.14	2.21	−0.68	0.015	0.99 (3)	18.20%
13^a,b		2.49		−0.63	0.17	0.90	1.90	−0.63	0.013	1.62 (1)	29.70%
17		1.30		−0.87	0.00	0.82	2.03	−0.87	0.013	0.50 (5)	9.10%
2			1.39	−0.74	0.81	1.87	2.98	−0.74	0.015	0.53 (5)	8.90%
5			1.08	−2.05	−0.22	1.23	2.82	−2.05	0.015	0.35 (6)	58.80%
10^a			2.01	−0.36	0.57	1.21	2.07	−0.36	0.013	1.05 (4)	17.60%
14^a,b			2.64	0.16	1.27	2.00	2.60	0.16	0.014	1.31 (2)	22.00%
16^a			2.23	−0.35	0.51	1.32	2.42	−0.35	0.013	1.25 (3)	21.00%
18^a,b			2.63	0.05	0.87	1.50	2.23	0.05	0.015	1.46 (1)	24.50%

Results obtained from the development sample.
a item discrimination, b item step-difficulty, p.S-χ² p-value of item fit, R² pseudo R-squared criterion, info average item information across all participants’ latent trait estimates (ranking of the information in the sub-dimension in parenthesis), Per Percentage of the information provided by the item relative to the total information in its sub-dimension.
^aItems are retained in SASI-12.
^bItems are retained in SASI-6.

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