Table 5 Impact of FDI on local entrepreneurship in China.

From: Foreign business presence and local entrepreneurship development: evidence from China

Regressors

Dependent variable: ln(entrepreneurship)

(1992–2019)

 

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

ln(fdi_stock_pc)

0.16*** (0.04)

0.24*** (0.05)

  

Ln(fdi_flow_pc)

  

0.09*** (0.03)

0.09*** (0.03)

elderly

0.03*** (0.01)

0.03*** (0.01)

0.04*** (0.01)

0.04*** (0.01)

birth

−0.03*** (0.01)

−0.02** (0.01)

−0.03*** (0.01)

−0.03*** (0.01)

invest/gdp

0.88*** (0.20)

0.80*** (0.16)

0.80*** (0.16)

0.89*** (0.21)

ln(education)

0.49*** (0.09)

0.42*** (0.10)

0.52*** (0.08)

0.51*** (0.08)

ln(road/land)

0.19** (0.08)

0.08 (0.07)

0.21** (0.09)

0.20** (0.09)

loan/gdp

0.10 (0.12)

0.10 (0.11)

 

0.14 (0.12)

govt/gdp

−0.76* (0.43)

−1.25** (0.56)

 

−0.65* (0.37)

constitution99

0.36*** (0.10)

   

constitution04

0.45*** (0.11)

   

Interaction99

 

−0.07*** (0.03)

  

Interaction04

 

−0.09*** (0.03)

  

constant

−3.32*** (0.51)

−2.77*** (0.56)

−3.37*** (0.58)

−3.29*** (0.58)

Years

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Observations

846

846

846

846

Provinces

31

31

31

31

Within R-sq.

0.973

0.975

0.972

0.973

Adj. R-sq.

0.974

0.976

0.974

0.974

  1. The numbers in parentheses are Driscoll and Kraay (1988) standard errors. All regressions include provincial indicators. Significance levels of 1%, 5%, and 10% are denoted by ***, **, and *. In model (8), the constitution dummies are dropped because of multicollinearity. FDI_stock_pc here is concerted into Chinese yuan from US dollar according to the annual average exchange rate and deflated with China’s Consumer Price Index with 1980 as the base year.
  2. Interaction99= constitution99×ln(fdi_stock_pc), Interaction04=constitution04×ln(fdi_stock_pc).