Table 11 PSTAR estimation.

From: The non-linear relationship between ESG performance and bank stability in the digital era: new evidence from a regime-switching approach

Variables

Regime 1: ESGit-1 ≤ 33.314

Regime 2: 33.314 ≤ ESGit-1 < 63.348

Regime 3: ESGit-1 ≥ 63.348

Coefficient

t-statistic

Coefficient

t-statistic

Coefficient

t-statistic

BZ_Scoreit-1

0.244

2.340**

−9.698

−14.451***

9.682

12.567***

IUIit

0.333

3.459***

0.100

1.757*

0.102

2.783***

MCSit

0.117

1.897*

0.157

2.372**

0.153

2.363**

ATMit

−0.294

−2.813***

0.422

2.146**

0.427

2.178**

ESGit

−0.245

−2.123**

−0.171

−2.217**

0.173

2.236**

NIMit

−3.662

−1.256

−3.929

−2.583**

3.875

1.554

ROAit

−0.181

−2.657***

0.264

2.797***

0.258

2.776***

CIRit

0.000

0.706

−0.185

−2.424**

0.185

2.427**

GDPGit

−0.243

−0.156

0.121

2.009**

0.118

2.932***

Observations

385

970

499

  1. Notes: The symbols *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively.
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