Table 5 Break unit root test.

From: The non-linear relationship between ESG performance and bank stability in the digital era: new evidence from a regime-switching approach

Variables

In level

In first difference

BZ_Score

−50.661*** (2020)

−86.117*** (2010)

IUI

−56.755*** (2021)

−59.531*** (2021)

MCS

−47.617*** (2021)

−54.230*** (2021)

ATM

−12.604*** (2008)

−53.080*** (2010)

ESG

−35.325*** (2009)

−35.325*** (2009)

NIM

−16.402*** (2010)

−63.387*** (2021)

ROA

−53.491*** (2019)

−1.2e + 02*** (2021)

CIR

−48.924*** (2011)

−70.866*** (2009)

GDPG

−62.183*** (2021)

−75.953*** (2021)

  1. Note: *** significant at 1%.
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