Table 1 An overview of variables.
Variable name | Category | Definition | Data source |
|---|---|---|---|
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) | --- | “Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty, whoever, being the husband or the relative of the husband of a woman, subjects such woman to cruelty shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine. Explanation- for the purpose of this section, “cruelty” means- | National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB), 2019 to 2021. Web link: https://ncrb.gov.in/ |
a) any willful conduct which is of such a nature as is likely to drive the woman to commit suicide or to cause grave injury or danger to life, limb or health (whether mental or physical) of the woman; or | |||
b) harassment of the woman where such harassment is with a view to coercing her or any person related to her to meet any unlawful demand for any property or valuable security or is on account of failure by her or any person related to her to meet such demand”. | |||
(Definition obtained from: https://indiankanoon.org/doc/538436/) | |||
Reciprocal of the Intimate Partner Violence, \((\tfrac{1}{IPV})\) (y) | Output | Reciprocal of the IPV. The idea is that lower rate means higher efficiency in controlling IPV. | NCRB, 2021. Web link: https://ncrb.gov.in/ |
Persons arrested (Arrested) (x1) | Input | Total number of people detained for crimes under IPC 498A. | NCRB, 2021. Web link: https://ncrb.gov.in/ |
Total number of Jails (Jails) (x2) | Input | Total number of jails in the states and UTs of Indian. | NCRB, 2021. Web link: https://ncrb.gov.in/ |
Actual Jail Staff Strength (Jail Staff) (x3) | Input | As of December 31, 2021, the actual strength of the whole jail staff and prison official strength of states and UTs of India | NCRB, 2021. Web link: https://ncrb.gov.in/ |
Total Police per 100,000 People (Police) (x4) | Input | The ratio of police officers per every 10,000 people | Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) |
Police Expenditure (Per-capita) (Police expenditures) (x5) | Input | Ratio of the overall State Government and U.T. administrations’ legitimate (in crores) spending on the police force to the total number of police officers. | NCRB, 2021. Web link: https://ncrb.gov.in/ |
Number of Sanctioned Police Station (Police Station) (x6) | Input | Total number of sanctioned police station of Indian states and UTs | Bureau of Police Research and Development, 2021. Web link: |
Net State Domestic Product (Per-capita) (PNSDP) (x7) | Input | Per-capita NDP (at factor cost) as measured in Base-Year for the year 2004-05. The definition of Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) is the volume of all products and services produced inside the boundaries of the State within a certain time period less depreciation, divided by the entire population. It is measured in monetary terms. | Handbook of Statistics on Indian States (HSIS) Web link: |
Urbanization % (Urban) (z1) | Exogenous | Population percentages that reside in urban regions. | Census of India, 2011. Web link: https://censusindia.gov.in/ |
Sex Ratio (SR) (z2) | Exogenous | Defined as the proportion of females to 1000 males in the population. | Census of India, 2011. Web link: https://censusindia.gov.in/ |
Poverty (Poverty) (z3) | Exogenous | Percentage of population living below the poverty line using the Tendulkar Methodology’s Mixed Recall Period (MRP) consumption. | Handbook of Statistics on Indian States. Web link: |
Female Work Participation Rate (FWPR) (z4) | The proportion of female who are either working or actively seeking employment is referred to as the female work participation rate. | Government of India, Ministry of Labour & Employment | |
Female Literacy Rate (FLR) (z5) | The percentage of female in a region who are capable of reading and writing with comprehension and who are at least seven years old is known as the female literacy rate. In this case, all females who are seven years of age or older make up the denominator. | Census of India, 2011. Web link: https://censusindia.gov.in/ | |
Judiciary and Public Safety Score (JPSS) (z6) | Exogenous | Based on data from the following indicators for various Indian states: Conviction Rate, Availability of Police Personnel, Proportion of Female Police Personnel, Disposition of Court Cases, and Disposition of Cases by Consumer Courts, a composite score is calculated using the appropriate methodology. The paper explains the justification for include each of the metrics. Here, the composite score is utilised to comprehend the status of law and order throughout all of India. | Good Governance Index, Assessment of State of Governance 2020–21, Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances, Government of India, New Delhi- 110001 Web link: https://darpg.gov.in |
Female MPs (Female MPs) (z7) | Exogenous | Indicates the proportion of female MPs out of the total number of MP seats allocated to each state. | Web link: |
Female MLAs (Female MLAs) (z8) | Exogenous | Indicates the proportion of female MLAs among the total number of MLA seats allocated to each state. | Web link: |
Standardized Females’ Autonomy Index (FAI) (z9) | Decision Making, Economy, and Emotional are the three Females’ autonomy indices that make up the composite index. Using PCA, these three indices are determined. Table-A.1 in the appendices gives the indicators for these three indices. | National Family Health Survey, India, data. Web link: | |
% of SC Population (SC) (z10) | Exogenous | Population of Scheduled Castes as a percentage. The Indian Constitution’s Articles 341 and 342 refer to the demographic categories. | Census of India, 2011. Web link: https://censusindia.gov.in/ |
% of ST population (ST) (z11) | Exogenous | Population of Scheduled Tribes as a percentage. The Indian Constitution’s Articles 341 and 342 refer to the demographic categories. | Census of India, 2011. Web link: https://censusindia.gov.in/ |
