Table 2 Descriptive statistical results.
From: Dynamic spatial spillover effects of financial agglomeration on CO2 emissions: the case of China
Variable | Definition | Mean | Standard deviation | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO2 dioxide emission (CO2) | The natural logarithm of total CO2 emissions (in tons) | 5.444 | 0.749 | 2.955 | 6.736 |
Financial agglomeration (FA) | Entropy value method | 0.109 | 0.113 | 0.018 | 0.784 |
Per-capital disposable income (LY) | The natural logarithm of per capita disposable income (yuan) | 10.333 | 0.482 | 9.311 | 11.577 |
Population size (PS) | The natural logarithm of the total population (permanent population) at the end of the year | 8.185 | 0.743 | 6.306 | 9.352 |
Foreign direct investment (OFDI) | Share of non-financial outward direct investment in GDP | 0.004 | 0.008 | 0.000 | 0.066 |
Foreign direct investment (FDI) | Total foreign direct investment used as a share of GDP | 0.213 | 0.220 | 0.028 | 1.186 |
Industrial structure optimization (IS) | Value added of tertiary industry as a proportion of GDP | 0.438 | 0.097 | 0.286 | 0.835 |
R&D investment intensity (R&D) | Internal expenditure of R&D and test funds as a percentage of GDP | 0.014 | 0.011 | 0.002 | 0.062 |
Energy consumption (EP) | Natural logarithm of total energy consumption (10,000 tons of standard coal) | 9.314 | 0.692 | 6.825 | 10.62 |
Technology market development (TM) | Technology market turnover (ten million yuan) | 2630.438 | 6126.617 | 5.349 | 56952.84 |
