Table 14 Summary of key counterintuitive findings from the datasets with corresponding references.
Dataset | Key counterintuitive findings | Aligns with - | Contradicts with - |
|---|---|---|---|
Medical Students | - Students become more empathetic overall, but less so in their actions. | Hojat et al. (2023) | – |
- Men who recognize emotions better are more depressed, the opposite for women. | – | Bhatia and Shetty (2023) | |
- Different types of empathy show distinct associations with mental health for men and women. | – | ||
Quarantine Life | - Older individuals show more social weakness, contradicting the idea that they handle stress better. | Brooks et al. (2020) | – |
- Strong link between stress and habit changes, suggesting stress impacts behavior more during quarantine than in normal times. | Alon-Tirosh et al. (2021) | – | |
Psychiatric Disorders | - Trauma and stress-related disorders are more common in older people, challenging the notion that younger individuals are more affected. | McGrath et al. (2023) | Twenge et al. (2019) |
- Schizophrenia patients have significantly lower education levels compared to other groups. | Sperandei et al. (2023) | – | |
- OCD and addiction are linked to higher IQs, defying the assumption that these conditions impair cognitive ability. | – | Karpinski et al. (2018) | |
Medical Students and Quarantine Life | - Women in both quarantine and medical settings report higher stress levels, challenging the notion that they may cope better in emotionally challenging situations. | Eagly and Wood (2012) | |
Medical Students and Psychiatric Disorders | - While higher education is usually linked to better mental health in the psychiatric data, medical students experience more cynicism and burnout despite their success, challenging the idea that education always builds resilience | Sperandei et al. (2023), Cutler and Lleras-Muney (2006), Dyrbye et al. (2006) | – |
