Table 1 Key features of the multi-echelon inventory model developed in earlier research.
Author (s) | Demand | Production rate | Shortage | Inflation | Fuzzy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singh et al. (2010) | Constant | Constant | No | No | No |
Singh and Singh (2011) | Exponential | Variable | No | Yes | Yes |
Shastri et al. (2013) | Constant | Constant | Yes | Yes | No |
Uravashi et al. (2013) | Stock-dependent | Constant | No | Yes | No |
Dai et al. (2017) | Ramp-type, trapezoidal | No | Yes | No | No |
Yadav and Singh (2018) | Selling price | Constant | Yes | No | No |
Tayyab et al. (2020) | Constant | Constant | No | No | No |
Kuraie et al. (2021) | Multi-variable | Constant | Yes | No | No |
Habib et al. (2021) | Constant | Constant | No | No | No |
Barman et al. (2021) | Time-dependent | Constant | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Tayyab and Sarkar (2021) | Constant | Variable | No | No | Yes |
Padiyar et al. (2022b) | Constant | Constant | No | Yes | No |
Padiyar et al. (2022c) | Constant | Constant | No | Yes | No |
Habib et al. (2022) | Constant | Constant | No | No | No |
Barman et al. (2023a) | Variable | No | Yes | No | No |
Barman et al. (2023b) | Price-, time-dependent | Constant | No | No | No |
Barman et al. (2022) | Variable | Demand-dependent | Yes | No | Yes |
Khan et al. (2023) | Not specified | No | No | No | Yes |
Tyagi (2023) | Not specified | No | Yes | No | No |
Maity et al. (2023) | Price-, stock-dependent | No | No | No | Yes |
Padiyar et al. (2023c) | Constant | Constant | No | Yes | Yes |
Mishra et al. (2024) | Stochastic | Flexible | Yes | No | No |
Singh et al. (2023) | Constant | Constant | No | No | No |
Li and Shi (2024) | Constant | No | No | No | No |
Sohani et al. (2024) | Constant | Variable | No | yes | No |
Wang et al. (2024) | Not specified | No | No | No | Yes |
Mridha et al. (2024) | Selling price-dependent | Flexible | No | No | No |
Mondal et al. (2024) | Constant | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Mondal and Roy (2024) | Uncertain | Uncertain | No | No | Yes |
Bhunia et al. (2024) | Variable | No | No | No | Yes |
Mahapatra et al. (2025) | Variable | Variable | Â | No | No |
Kumar et al. (2025) | Price-, credit period dependent | No | Yes | No | No |
This model | Ramp-type and selling price-dependent | Demand-dependent | Yes | Yes | Yes |
