Table 1 Local and external innovation connections.

From: Industry policies and technological innovation in artificial intelligence clusters: are central positions superior?

Cluster

Intraregional cooperation

Interregional cooperation

Beijing

12,536

20,975

Shenzhen

2876

3667

Nanjing

2693

5219

Guangzhou

2418

2861

Shanghai

1967

2999

Hangzhou

1487

3639

Zhuhai

984

1010

Wuhan

669

1727

Chengdu

648

1703

Tianjin

645

1538

Jinan

644

1654

Xi’an

473

936

Changsha

429

936

Chongqing

408

772

Hefei

385

1395

Fuzhou

335

1025

Nanchang

317

1441

Zhengzhou

256

588

Shenyang

176

924

Changchun

143

383

Xiamen

137

680

Kunming

119

216

Dongguan

116

648

Taiyuan

71

298

Harbin

67

410

Dalian

52

221

Guilin

31

71

Mianyang

21

65

Qinhuangdao

12

61

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