Table 10 Mediation analysis of perceived competence.

From: To engage with AI or not: learning engagement among rural junior high school students in an AI-powered adaptive learning environment

Path

Estimate

Coefficient product

Bootstrapping

Bias-corrected 95% CI

Percentile 95% CI

Standard error

Z

LL

UL

LL

UL

Total

Total

0.461

0.116

3.974

0.266

0.701

0.276

0.732

Direct

Perceived competence→

Learning engagement (M1)

0.276

0.097

2.845

0.124

0.491

0.130

0.500

Indirect

Perceived competence→

Technology acceptance→

Learning engagement (M2)

0.185

0.064

2.891

0.091

0.348

0.084

0.332

Variance

M1–M2

0.092

0.116

0.793

−0.174

0.296

−0.127

0.346